Time dependence of protective post-exposure prophylaxis with human monoclonal antibodies against pathogenic SHIV challenge in newborn macaques

Abstract In a primate model of postnatal virus transmission, we have previously shown that 1 h post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with a triple combination of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nmAbs) conferred sterilizing protection to neonatal macaques against oral challenge with pathogenic simian–h...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Virology (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2007-02, Vol.358 (1), p.69-78
Main Authors: Ferrantelli, Flavia, Buckley, Kathleen A, Rasmussen, Robert A, Chalmers, Alistair, Wang, Tao, Li, Pei-Lin, Williams, Alison L, Hofmann-Lehmann, Regina, Montefiori, David C, Cavacini, Lisa A, Katinger, Hermann, Stiegler, Gabriela, Anderson, Daniel C, McClure, Harold M, Ruprecht, Ruth M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Animals, Newborn
Antibodies, Monoclonal - immunology
Antibodies, Viral - blood
Antibodies, Viral - immunology
CD4 Lymphocyte Count
Disease Models, Animal
HIV Antibodies - immunology
HIV Infections - prevention & control
Immunity, Cellular
Immunization, Passive
Infectious Disease
Macaca
Macaca mulatta
Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies
Oral infection
Passive immunization
Pathogenic simian–human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)
Post-exposure prophylaxis
Primates
Rhesus macaques
Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - prevention & control
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus - immunology
Simian/human immunodeficiency virus
Survival Analysis
Time Factors
Viral Load
Viremia
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Summary:Abstract In a primate model of postnatal virus transmission, we have previously shown that 1 h post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with a triple combination of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nmAbs) conferred sterilizing protection to neonatal macaques against oral challenge with pathogenic simian–human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV). Here, we show that nmAbs can also partially protect SHIV-exposed newborn macaques against infection or disease, when given as 12 or 24 h PEP, respectively. This work delineates the potential and the limits of passive immunoprophylaxis with nmAbs. Even though 24 h PEP with nmAbs did not provide sterilizing immunity to neonatal monkeys, it contained viremia and protected infants from acute disease. Taken together with our results from other PEP studies, these data show that the success of passive immunization depends on the nmAb potency/dose and the time window between virus exposure and start of immunotherapy.
ISSN:0042-6822
1096-0341
DOI:10.1016/j.virol.2006.07.056