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Association of maternal smoking with overweight at age 3 y in American Indian children

BACKGROUND: Prevalence rates of overweight are higher among American Indian children than among any other ethnic group, but little research has explored contributing influences. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the prevalence and predictors of body mass index (BMI; in kg/m²) [>/=] 85th p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The American journal of clinical nutrition 2005-08, Vol.82 (2), p.393-398
Main Authors: Adams, Alexandra K, Harvey, Heather E, Prince, Ronald J
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:BACKGROUND: Prevalence rates of overweight are higher among American Indian children than among any other ethnic group, but little research has explored contributing influences. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the prevalence and predictors of body mass index (BMI; in kg/m²) [>/=] 85th percentile in American Indian children in Wisconsin. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis was conducted with linked pediatric and pregnancy nutrition surveillance systems and birth records from 1997 through 2001. Participants were American Indian mothers and children (aged 0-3 y) who were participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children in Wisconsin. Outcome measurements included indicators of BMI [>/=] 85th percentile identified by using binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the 3-y-olds, 22.2% were overweight and 18.7% were at risk of overweight. Of their mothers, 42.5% had smoked during pregnancy. Smoking at the initial prenatal visit significantly predicted overweight and risk of overweight in children at age 3 y (odds ratio: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.05, 4.47). Despite being smaller at birth, the children of smoking mothers had a significantly (P < 0.05) greater increase in weight-for-length z score between birth and age 3 y than did children of nonsmokers. This greater increase was due to a significantly (P < 0.02) greater increase in weight in children of smokers than in those of nonsmokers and not to a relatively slower increase in height. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest the early influence of maternal smoking on the prevalence of overweight at age 3 y in a high-risk American Indian population and provide evidence that interventions to reduce smoking in pregnant women may be warranted.
ISSN:0002-9165
1938-3207
DOI:10.1093/ajcn/82.2.393