Correlation of Hyperhomocysteinaemia and Chlamydia Pneumoniae IgG Seropositivity with Coronary Artery Disease in a General Population

• Published in: Heart, lung & circulation lung & circulation, 2007-12, Vol.16 (6), p.416-422
• Main Authors: Nabipour, Iraj, MD, Vahdat, Katayon, MD, Jafari, Seyed Mojtaba, MSc, Amiri, Mohammad, MD, Shafeiae, Ebrahim, MD, Riazi, Ahmad, MD, Amini, Abdol-Latif, MD, Pazoki, Raha, MD, MSc, Sanjdideh, Zahra, MD
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Bacterial - immunology; C-reactive protein; C-Reactive Protein - metabolism; Cardiovascular; Case-Control Studies; Chlamydia pneumoniae; Chlamydophila Infections - complications; Chlamydophila Infections - epidemiology; Chlamydophila Infections - immunology; Chlamydophila pneumoniae - immunology; Cohort Studies; Coronary artery disease; Coronary Artery Disease - complications; Coronary Artery Disease - epidemiology; Electrocardiography; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Homocysteine - blood; Humans; Hyperhomocysteinaemia; Hyperhomocysteinemia - complications; Hyperhomocysteinemia - epidemiology; Immunoglobulin G - immunology; Information Systems - statistics & numerical data; Male; Middle Aged
• ISSN: 1443-9506; 1444-2892
• DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2007.02.100

Background Both Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and hyperhomocysteinaemia have been assumed to increase the atherosclerotic risk independently of each other and independently of the classic risk factors. The correlation between hyperhomocysteinaemia, C. pneumoniae infection and coronary artery disease (CAD) have not been investigated in the general population. Methods In an ancillary study to the Persian Gulf Healthy Heart Study, a cohort study of men and women aged ≥25 years, a random sample of 1699 (48.9% males, 51.1% females) subjects were evaluated. Total homocysteine, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) and IgG antibodies to C. pneumoniae were determined by ELISA. Minnesota coding criteria of a 12-lead resting electrocardiogram was used for evaluation of CAD. Results A total of 12.4% of the subjects had electrocardiogram-defined (Minnesota-coding criteria) coronary artery disease. Hyperhomocysteinaemia (>14 μmol/l) and IgG seropositivity were found in 50.8% and 37.7%, respectively. Neither of hyperhomocysteinaemia nor C. pneumoniae IgG seropositivity showed a significant association with CAD after adjusting of sex and age. Concurrent elevated CRP level (>8.2 mg/l) and C. pneumoniae seropositivity (chronic C. pneumoniae infection) had a significant association with CAD [OR = 1.73, CI (1.09–2.75); p = 0.01] after adjusting for age, sex, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, BMI, and serum levels of LDL-cholesterol, fasting blood sugar and triglyceride as covariates in a logistic regression model. This odds ratio increased to 2.11, CI (1.18–4.12; p = 0.02) when concurrent hyperhomocysteinaemia and chronic C. pneumoniae infection, as a single covariate entity; was adjusted for multiple risk factors in another logistic regression model. Conclusion Concurrent hyperhomocysteinaemia and chronic C. pneumoniae infection, as a single entity, was independently associated with coronary artery disease in the general population. This synergism may have important implications for risk-stratification and intervention trials.