Is lead considered as a risk factor for high blood pressure during menopause period among Saudi women?

This case–control study was designed to examine the association between blood lead levels and high blood pressure in a restricted subpopulation, Saudi women who were 45–93-year old, during or after menopausal period and not occupationally exposed to lead. Blood lead levels were assessed in 100 women...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of hygiene and environmental health 2005-01, Vol.208 (5), p.341-356
Main Authors: Al-Saleh, Iman, Shinwari, Neptune, Mashhour, Abdulla, El-Din Mohamed, Gamal, Ghosh, Mohammad Abu, Shammasi, Zaki, Al-Nasser, Abdulaziz
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding
Arterial hypertension. Arterial hypotension
Biological and medical sciences
Blood and lymphatic vessels
Blood lead levels
Blood Pressure Determination
Cardiology. Vascular system
Case-Control Studies
Clinical manifestations. Epidemiology. Investigative techniques. Etiology
Environment. Living conditions
Female
Humans
Hypertension
Hypertension - epidemiology
Hypertension - etiology
Lead - blood
Logistic Models
Medical sciences
Menopause
Middle Aged
Public health. Hygiene
Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine
Risk Factors
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia - epidemiology
Toxicology
Women's Health
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Summary:This case–control study was designed to examine the association between blood lead levels and high blood pressure in a restricted subpopulation, Saudi women who were 45–93-year old, during or after menopausal period and not occupationally exposed to lead. Blood lead levels were assessed in 100 women with hypertension and 85 control subjects. Lead concentrations were measured in the whole blood using flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Blood pressure measurements were performed according to the World Health Organization recommendations. Results revealed that the mean blood lead levels for hypertensive were 47.52±39.26 and 45.59±28.55 μg/l for controls. Participants were classified according to the median of blood lead levels in order to compute odds ratios. After controlling a number of potential confounding variables, the multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that women with blood lead levels of ⩾38.6 μg/l were 5.27 times more likely to be hypertensive than those with blood lead levels of
ISSN:1438-4639
1618-131X
DOI:10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.04.004