Facilitation as well as inhibition of the blink reflex by a visual prepulse requires intact striate cortex

The role of visual cortex in modulation of the human eye blink reflex was assessed. Participants were 13 patients with unilateral striate cortex damage. Nonreflexogenic gratings were presented in their intact or blind hemifield prior to white noise or air puff blink-eliciting stimuli. Inhibition of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical neurophysiology 2006-10, Vol.117 (10), p.2284-2291
Main Authors: Sonnenberg, Douglas, Johnson, Lenworth N., Jurkowski, Anita, Hackley, Steven A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Aged
Biological and medical sciences
Blindsight
Blinking - physiology
Brain Injuries - physiopathology
Choice reaction time
Electromyography
Electrooculography
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Motor control and motor pathways. Reflexes. Control centers of vegetative functions. Vestibular system and equilibration
Neural Inhibition - physiology
Prepulse inhibition
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Psychoses
Reaction Time
Schizophrenia
Sensorimotor gating
Startle-blink reflex
Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs
Visual cortex
Visual Cortex - physiology
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Summary:The role of visual cortex in modulation of the human eye blink reflex was assessed. Participants were 13 patients with unilateral striate cortex damage. Nonreflexogenic gratings were presented in their intact or blind hemifield prior to white noise or air puff blink-eliciting stimuli. Inhibition of reflex amplitude was observed at asynchronies ranging from about 120 to 600 ms for visible but not invisible prepulses. Facilitation by intact-hemifield gratings was observed for (1) the latency of the acoustic blink reflex, (2) the amplitude of the disynaptic cutaneous blink reflex, R1, and (3) the latency of voluntary hand-grip reactions to the reflexogenic stimuli. These facilitatory effects were absent on trials with blind-hemifield prepulses. An intact V1 is required for prepulse facilitation as well as inhibition. These results extend a popular model of sensorimotor gating deficits in schizophrenia.
ISSN:1388-2457
1872-8952
DOI:10.1016/j.clinph.2006.05.020