Goal-Directed Memory: The Role of Cognitive Control in Older Adults' Emotional Memory

The present study revealed that older adults recruit cognitive control processes to strengthen positive and diminish negative information in memory. In Experiment 1, older adults engaged in more elaborative processing when retrieving positive memories than they did when retrieving negative memories....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Psychology and aging 2005-12, Vol.20 (4), p.554-570
Main Authors: Mather, Mara, Knight, Marisa
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Affect
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Ageing
Aging
Cognition
Cognition & reasoning
Cognitive Ability
Cognitive processes
Emotions
Female
Goals
Human
Humans
Male
Memory
Mental Recall
Middle Aged
Motivation
Negative information
Older people
Surveys and Questionnaires
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Items that cite this one
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Summary:The present study revealed that older adults recruit cognitive control processes to strengthen positive and diminish negative information in memory. In Experiment 1, older adults engaged in more elaborative processing when retrieving positive memories than they did when retrieving negative memories. In Experiment 2, older adults who did well on tasks involving cognitive control were more likely than those doing poorly to favor positive pictures in memory. In Experiment 3, older adults who were distracted during memory encoding no longer favored positive over negative pictures in their later recall, revealing that older adults use cognitive resources to implement emotional goals during encoding. In contrast, younger adults showed no signs of using cognitive control to make their memories more positive, indicating that, for them, emotion regulation goals are not chronically activated.
ISSN:0882-7974
1939-1498
DOI:10.1037/0882-7974.20.4.554