Coffee Roasting and Aroma Formation: Application of Different Time−Temperature Conditions

• Published in: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2008-07, Vol.56 (14), p.5836-5846
• Main Authors: Baggenstoss, Juerg, Poisson, Luigi, Kaegi, Ruth, Perren, Rainer, Escher, Felix
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aldehydes - analysis; aroma formation; Biological and medical sciences; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Coffea - chemistry; Coffee; coffee (beverage); coffee beans; Coffee, tea and other stimulative beverage industries; color; degree of roast; Flavors and Aromas/Chemosensory Perception; fluidized beds; Food Handling - methods; Food industries; food processing; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; heat treatment; Hot Temperature; odor compounds; Odorants - analysis; odors; reaction kinetics; roasting; Seeds - chemistry; solid phase microextraction; Sulfur Compounds - analysis; temperature; temperature profiles; Time Factors
• ISSN: 0021-8561; 1520-5118
• DOI: 10.1021/jf800327j

The impact of time−temperature combinations of roasting processes on the kinetics of aroma formation in coffee was investigated. The development of 16 aroma compounds and the physical properties of coffee beans was followed in a commercial horizontal drum roasting process and in laboratory scale fluidizing-bed roasting processes at high temperature-short time and low temperature-long time conditions. All trials were run to an equal roast end point as defined by the lightness of coffee beans. In addition, the effect of excessive roasting on aroma composition was studied. Compared to low temperature-long time roasting, high temperature-short time roasting resulted in considerable differences in the physical properties and kinetics of aroma formation. Excessive roasting generally led to decreasing or stable amounts of volatile substances, except for hexanal, pyridine, and dimethyl trisulfide, whose concentrations continued to increase during over-roasting. When the drum roaster and the fluidizing bed roaster were operated in the so-called temperature profile mode, that is, along the identical development of coffee bean temperature over roasting time, the kinetics of aroma generation were similar in both processes.