Decellularized, xenogeneic small-diameter arteries: Transition from a muscular to an elastic phenotype in vivo

Reports regarding the biocompatibility of xenogeneic, decellularized bioprosthetic implants differ between bioinertness and complete graft degradation. We investigated heparin‐crosslinked and nonheparinized, xenogeneic vascular substitutes in a rat model. Porcine arteries (15 × 1.5 mm) were decellul...

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Published in:Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials Applied biomaterials, 2008-10, Vol.87B (1), p.95-104
Main Authors: Bergmeister, Helga, Plasenzotti, Roberto, Walter, Ingrid, Plass, Christian, Bastian, Fabienne, Rieder, Erwin, Sipos, Wolfgang, Kaider, Alexandra, Losert, Udo, Weigel, Guenter
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aneurysm - etiology
animal model
Animals
Aorta, Abdominal - surgery
Arteries - surgery
Arteries - transplantation
Blood Vessel Prosthesis - adverse effects
Cross-Linking Reagents
Elasticity
Endothelial Cells - cytology
Fibroblasts - cytology
Granulocytes - pathology
Heparin
histology
Inflammation - pathology
Macrophages - pathology
Materials Testing
Phenotype
Rats
Swine
tissue engineering
Transplantation, Heterologous - adverse effects
Transplantation, Heterologous - methods
vascular graft
Vascular Patency
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Summary:Reports regarding the biocompatibility of xenogeneic, decellularized bioprosthetic implants differ between bioinertness and complete graft degradation. We investigated heparin‐crosslinked and nonheparinized, xenogeneic vascular substitutes in a rat model. Porcine arteries (15 × 1.5 mm) were decellularized by multistep detergent and enzymatic techniques, which were followed by heparin‐crosslinking in 50% of the implants. Prostheses were implanted into the abdominal aorta of 76 rats for 1 day and up to 6 months. Retrieved specimens were evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry, laser scanning, and scanning electron microscopy. Graft patency did not differ between groups (97.3%). Heparinized grafts showed a statistically significant lower rate of aneurysm formation (p = 0.04 %). Implants revealed infiltration with granulocytes and macrophages up to 3 months. Recellularization with endothelial cells and myofibroblasts was detectable within 1 month. After 6 months elastin biosynthesis and complete graft remodeling toward an elastic vessel was evident. These results indicate that temporary inflammation does not interfere with long‐term vascular remodeling. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2008
ISSN:1552-4973
1552-4981
DOI:10.1002/jbm.b.31074