Prevalence and role of serum IgE antibodies to the StaphylococcuS aureus–derived superantigens SEA and SEB in children with atopic dermatitis

• Published in: Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 1999, Vol.103 (1), p.119-124
• Main Authors: Bunikowski, Rita, Mielke, Martin, Skarabis, Horst, Herz, Udo, Bergmann, Renate L., Wahn, Ulrich, Renz, Harald
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Allergic diseases; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic - blood; Antibodies, Bacterial - blood; Antibody Specificity; Atopic dermatitis; Biological and medical sciences; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Atopic - epidemiology; Dermatitis, Atopic - immunology; Exotoxins - immunology; Female; Humans; Immunization; Immunoglobulin E - blood; Immunopathology; Infant; Male; Medical sciences; Prevalence; S aureus colonization density; severity of AD risk factors for sensitization to SEB/SEA; Skin - immunology; Skin - microbiology; Skin allergic diseases. Stinging insect allergies; specific IgE to SEA/SEB; staphylococcal enterotoxins; Staphylococcal Infections - immunology; Staphylococcus aureus - immunology; Superantigens - blood; superficial S aureus skin infection; total serum IgE
• ISSN: 0091-6749; 1097-6825
• DOI: 10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70535-X

Background: The skin of patients with atopic dermatitis exhibits a striking susceptibility to colonization and infection with Staphylococcus aureus. In this context it has been previously shown that S aureus–derived superantigens could function as classic allergens, inducing production of functionally relevant specific IgE antibodies. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the role of circulating staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA)– and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)–specific IgE antibodies in children with atopic dermatitis. Methods: In a cross-sectional study of 58 children with atopic dermatitis, the presence of IgE antibodies to SEA and SEB was correlated with the severity of the disease and the total and other unrelated allergen-specific IgE titers and density of colonization with S aureus strains on atopic skin and episodes of superficial S aureus skin infections. Results: Twenty of 58 children (34%) were sensitized to superantigens (45% to SEB, 10% to SEA, 45% to SEA and SEB). In this group, severity of atopic dermatitis and levels of specific IgE to food and air allergens were significantly higher. The degree of disease severity correlated to a higher extent with the presence of SEA/SEB-specific antibodies than with total serum IgE levels. Density of colonization with superantigen-secreting S aureus strains was higher in the superantigen IgE-positive group. Sixty-three percent of these children experienced repeated episodes of superficial S aureus skin infections. Conclusions: Sensitization to S aureus–derived superantigens may be involved in disease exacerbation. The presence of SEA/SEB-specific antibodies had additional explanatory value for disease severity and therefore may be helpful in the characterization of children with severe atopic dermatitis.(J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:119-24.)