An Algebraic Solution to Dead Space Determination According to Fowler's Graphical Method

According to Fowler's method, anatomical dead space (VD) can be determined graphically or computer-aided by iteration procedures by which phase III of a fraction–volume expirogramF(V) is back-extrapolated by a straight lineR(V). Whereas Fowler visually partitioned phase II into two equal areas...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Computers and biomedical research 1999-04, Vol.32 (2), p.161-167
Main Authors: Heller, Hartmut, Könen-Bergmann, Michael, Schuster, Klaus-Dieter
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air breathing
Algorithms
Area Under Curve
Biological and medical sciences
Carbon Dioxide - metabolism
Computer Graphics
Computer Simulation
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Linear Models
Male
Maximal Expiratory Flow-Volume Curves - physiology
Models, Biological
Pulmonary Alveoli - metabolism
Pulmonary Alveoli - physiology
Respiratory Dead Space - physiology
Respiratory system: anatomy, metabolism, gas exchange, ventilatory mechanics, respiratory hemodynamics
Space life sciences
Tidal Volume - physiology
Vertebrates: respiratory system
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Summary:According to Fowler's method, anatomical dead space (VD) can be determined graphically or computer-aided by iteration procedures by which phase III of a fraction–volume expirogramF(V) is back-extrapolated by a straight lineR(V). Whereas Fowler visually partitioned phase II into two equal areas bordered byF(V),R(V), andVD, in the present paper the area betweenF(V) andR(V) is set equal to the area of a trapezoid, one side of which is the unknownVDto be determined. We obtained two algebraic equations for both possible conditions, nonsloping and sloping alveolar plateau, and, as the main result, an even more general third equation that includes both Bohr's and Fowler's solution. The formulas exactly represent Fowler's graphical method and can be applied to all gases which are applicable in dead space determination. The derived equations were tested in experimental situations, showing equality between values of dead space determined by using the algebraic solution and the graphical method. Their major advantage is facilitating and speeding up computer-aided on-line determinations ofVD.
ISSN:0010-4809
1090-2368
DOI:10.1006/cbmr.1998.1504