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Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Albiglutide, a Long-Acting Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Mimetic, in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Context: Native glucagon-like peptide-1 increases insulin secretion, decreases glucagon secretion, and reduces appetite but is rapidly inactivated by dipeptidyl peptidase-4. Albiglutide is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4-resistant glucagon-like peptide-1 dimer fused to human albumin designed to have...

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Published in:The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2008-12, Vol.93 (12), p.4810-4817
Main Authors: Matthews, Jessica E., Stewart, Murray W., De Boever, Erika H., Dobbins, Robert L., Hodge, Rebecca J., Walker, Susan E., Holland, M. Claire, Bush, Mark A.
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:Context: Native glucagon-like peptide-1 increases insulin secretion, decreases glucagon secretion, and reduces appetite but is rapidly inactivated by dipeptidyl peptidase-4. Albiglutide is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4-resistant glucagon-like peptide-1 dimer fused to human albumin designed to have sustained efficacy in vivo. Objectives: The objectives were to investigate pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes subjects. Methods: In a single-blind dose-escalation study, 54 subjects were randomized to receive placebo or 9-, 16-, or 32-mg albiglutide on d 1 and 8. In a complementary study, 46 subjects were randomized to a single dose (16 or 64 mg) of albiglutide to the arm, leg, or abdomen. Results: Significant dose-dependent reductions in 24-h mean weighted glucose [area under the curve(0–24 h)] were observed, with placebo-adjusted least squares means difference values in the 32-mg cohort of −34.8 and −56.4 mg/dl [95% confidence interval (−54.1, −15.5) and (−82.2, −30.5)] for d 2 and 9, respectively. Placebo-adjusted fasting plasma glucose decreased by −26.7 and −50.7 mg/dl [95% confidence interval (−46.3, −7.06) and (−75.4, −26.0)] on d 2 and 9, respectively. Postprandial glucose was also reduced. No hypoglycemic episodes were detected in the albiglutide cohorts. The frequency and severity of the most common adverse events, headache and nausea, were comparable with placebo controls. Albiglutide half-life ranged between 6 and 7 d. The pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamic of albiglutide was unaffected by injection site. Conclusions: Albiglutide improved fasting plasma glucose and postprandial glucose with a favorable safety profile in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Albiglutide’s long half-life may allow for once-weekly or less frequent dosing. Albiglutide improves glycemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes, with a favorable safety profile and the potential for once-weekly or less-frequent dosing.
ISSN:0021-972X
1945-7197
DOI:10.1210/jc.2008-1518