Cerebrospinal Fluid β Chemokine Concentrations in Neurocognitively Impaired Individuals Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

• Published in: The Journal of infectious diseases 1999-08, Vol.180 (2), p.310-319
• Main Authors: Letendre, Scott L., Lanier, E. Randall, McCutchan, J. Allen
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; AIDS; AIDS Dementia Complex - cerebrospinal fluid; AIDS Dementia Complex - immunology; AIDS Dementia Complex - virology; AIDS/HIV; Biological and medical sciences; Blood plasma; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cerebrospinal fluid; Chemokine CCL3; Chemokine CCL4; Chemokine CCL5 - cerebrospinal fluid; Chemokines; Chemokines, CC - cerebrospinal fluid; Cohort Studies; Dementia; HIV; HIV 1; HIV-1 - physiology; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human viral diseases; Humans; Infectious diseases; Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins - blood; Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins - cerebrospinal fluid; Macrophages; Major Articles; Male; Medical sciences; MIP-1^a protein; MIP-1^b protein; Multivariate Analysis; Pilot Projects; RANTES; RNA; RNA, Viral - blood; RNA, Viral - cerebrospinal fluid; T lymphocytes; Viral diseases; Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids
• ISSN: 0022-1899; 1537-6613
• DOI: 10.1086/314866

Macrophages express the chemokine receptor CCR-5, a coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry. This receptor is ligated by β chemokines, which influence HIV type 1 (HIV-1) replication in CCR-5—bearing cells in vitro and could influence the course of infection in the central nervous system. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 73 HIV-infected men were assayed for macrophage inflammatory protein-1 α (MIP-1α), MIP-1β, and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). Distributions of all three were positively skewed. CSF chemokine concentrations were correlated with each other and were higher in demented patients. In a multivariate analysis, demented subjects were more likely to have detectable CSF MIP-1α, elevated CSF HIV RNA levels, and lower CD4+ cell counts. However, among those with detectable CSF MIP-1α, levels were lower in demented patients. CSF β chemokine elevation is consistent with the macrophage activation known to occur in dementia and with studies of β chemokine mRNA expression in the brain. Low, but detectable, levels of CSF MIP-1α were strongly associated with dementia, suggesting that higher levels may have neuroprotective effects.