Intake assessment for benzoates in different subgroups of the Flemish population

• Published in: Food and chemical toxicology 2008-02, Vol.46 (2), p.717-723
• Main Authors: Bilau, Maaike, Matthys, Christophe, Vinkx, Christine, De Henauw, Stefaan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: acceptable daily intake; Adolescent; adolescents; Adult; adults; Age Distribution; Belgium; benzoates; Benzoates - administration & dosage; Benzoic acid; beverages; Biological and medical sciences; Child; Child, Preschool; Diet Records; Diet Surveys; Dietary intake; European Union; Exposure; Female; Flanders (Belgium); Food Additives - administration & dosage; food contamination; food intake; Humans; intake assessment; Male; maximum permissible intake; Medical sciences; nationalities and ethnic groups; preschool children; risk assessment; Toxicology; women
• ISSN: 0278-6915; 1873-6351
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.100

An exposure assessment was performed to estimate the daily intake of benzoates for the Flemish population. Three age groups were considered: preschool children ( n = 697; age 2–6; 3-day estimated dietary record), adolescents ( n = 341; age 14–18; 7-day estimated dietary record) and women ( n = 641; age 18–40; 2-day estimated dietary record). In a first step in the risk evaluation process as proposed by the European Union, the individual food consumption data were multiplied with the maximum permitted use levels for benzoates per food group. The median (interquartile range) estimated daily intake is, respectively, 2.0 (1.0–3.2) mg/kg bw, 1.7 (1.1–2.7) mg/kg bw and 1.92 (1.3–3.0) mg/kg bw for preschool children, adolescents and adult women. In all age groups, the greatest potential contributor to the total estimated benzoate intake was the group of non-alcoholic flavoured drinks. At respectively the 92nd percentile (children), the 97th percentile (adolescents) and the 94th percentile (women), the accepted daily intake (ADI) of 5 mg/kg bw/day is exceeded slightly. However, this approach, in which the maximum permitted use levels are used is known to overestimate the intake, since not all food items in which benzoates are allowed, contain (the maximum permitted use level of) benzoates. A more precise estimation, using actual levels, is recommended.