New Intrinsically Radiopaque Hydrophilic Microspheres for Embolization: Synthesis and Characterization

Polymeric particles currently used for embolization procedures have the disadvantage that they are radiolucent, that is, invisible on X-ray images, and consequently the interventional radiologist has to resort to angiography to (indirectly) monitor the fate of the particles. Here, we introduce intri...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomacromolecules 2008-01, Vol.9 (1), p.84-90
Main Authors: van Hooy-Corstjens, Catharina S. J, Saralidze, Ketie, Knetsch, Menno L. W, Emans, Pieter J, de Haan, Michiel W, Magusin, Pieter C. M. M, Mezari, Brahim, Koole, Leo H
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Biological and medical sciences
Contrast Media
Exact sciences and technology
Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)
Iodobenzenes - chemistry
Medical sciences
Methacrylates - chemistry
Microspheres
Miscellaneous. Technology
Organic polymers
Physicochemistry of polymers
Polymers with particular properties
Preparation, kinetics, thermodynamics, mechanism and catalysts
Pyrrolidinones - chemistry
Radiodiagnosis. Nmr imagery. Nmr spectrometry
X-Rays
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Summary:Polymeric particles currently used for embolization procedures have the disadvantage that they are radiolucent, that is, invisible on X-ray images, and consequently the interventional radiologist has to resort to angiography to (indirectly) monitor the fate of the particles. Here, we introduce intrinsically radiopaque hydrophilic microspheres. Since these microspheres can directly be visualized on X-ray images, using these microspheres for embolization purposes will allow superprecise location of the embolic material, both during and after the procedure. The microspheres, which are prepared by suspension polymerization, are based on the radiopaque monomer 2-[4-iodobenzoyl]-oxo-ethylmethacrylate and hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) and/or 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP) as hydrophilic component. It has been shown that for clinically relevant X-ray visibility the spheres should contain at least 20 wt % iodine. At this iodine content, copolymerization with HEMA results in spheres that hardly imbibe water (EQ = 1.08). When HEMA is replaced by NVP, the volume swelling ratio can be significantly increased (to 1.33).
ISSN:1525-7797
1526-4602
DOI:10.1021/bm7008334