Seasonal variation and the immune response: A fish perspective

The environment in which an animal lives affects the physiology and psychology of that animal. The greater the distance from the equator the more profound this influence becomes, as the environment becomes more variable over the years. Temperature, photoperiod, precipitation and other environmental...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Fish & Shellfish Immunology 2007-06, Vol.22 (6), p.695-706
Main Authors: Bowden, Tim J., Thompson, Kim D., Morgan, Alison L., Gratacap, Remi M.L., Nikoskelainen, Sami
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biological clock
Circadian rhythm
Fish
Fishes - immunology
Humans
Immune system
Immunology
Melatonin
Photoperiod
Pisces
Seasonal variation
Seasons
Temperature
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Summary:The environment in which an animal lives affects the physiology and psychology of that animal. The greater the distance from the equator the more profound this influence becomes, as the environment becomes more variable over the years. Temperature, photoperiod, precipitation and other environmental conditions, which are directly or indirectly controlled by the season, can affect an animal. It is becoming apparent that these conditions may impact on the immune system, and this can affect animal health. This review looks at the known mechanisms for transducing environmental cues and how these can affect immune parameters and function. The main focus is fish, especially in relation to aquaculture and the associated disease risks. Work on other animal classes is included for comparison.
ISSN:1050-4648
1095-9947
1365-2567
DOI:10.1016/j.fsi.2006.08.016