New clade of betanodaviruses detected in wild and farmed cod (Gadus morhua) in Norway

Betanodaviruses have been isolated and detected in both farmed and wild fish species worldwide. They are classified in five clusters, and all are connected to mortalities in farmed fish. The clusters do not represent specific geographical areas or host species, but one cluster, barfin flounder nervo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Archives of virology 2008-03, Vol.153 (3), p.541-547
Main Authors: Nylund, A, Karlsbakk, E, Nylund, S, Isaksen, T. E, Karlsen, M, Korsnes, K, Handeland, S, Martinsen, R, Mork Pedersen, T, Ottem, K. F
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Base Sequence
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Brief Report
Disease
DNA, Complementary
Farms
Fish Diseases - virology
Fisheries
Gadus morhua
Gadus morhua - virology
Infectious Diseases
Medical Microbiology
Mortality
Nodaviridae - classification
Nodaviridae - genetics
Nodaviridae - isolation & purification
Norway
Phylogeny
Pleuronectiformes
RNA polymerase
RNA Virus Infections - veterinary
RNA Virus Infections - virology
RNA, Viral - genetics
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Virology
Viruses
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Summary:Betanodaviruses have been isolated and detected in both farmed and wild fish species worldwide. They are classified in five clusters, and all are connected to mortalities in farmed fish. The clusters do not represent specific geographical areas or host species, but one cluster, barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus (BFNNV), is mainly associated with cold water fish species. This study presents the first species-specific clade within the BFNNV cluster. This clade consists of six isolates from wild and farmed Atlantic cod in Norway and is genetically distinct from other betanodaviruses in the North Atlantic. Screening of farmed and wild cod in Norway shows that betanodaviruses are present in wild fish on the west coast of Norway, including migratory cod, but so far we have not detected any betanodavirus-positive wild cod in northern Norway. The presence of significant amounts of betanodaviruses in wild cod represents a serious challenge for the management of viral nervous necrosis in farmed cod in Norway. Betanodavirus-positive farmed cod were present both in western and northern Norway. Mortalities in three cod farms were suspected to be caused by betanodaviruses; however, in two of these, other pathogens may have been responsible for or strongly contributed to the mortalities.
ISSN:0304-8608
1432-8798
DOI:10.1007/s00705-007-0015-4