The effects of age, sex, and shoulder dominance on range of motion of the shoulder

To determine the effects of age, sex, and arm dominance on shoulder range of motion, we measured active and passive forward elevation, abduction, internal and external rotation at 90° of abduction, external rotation with the arm adducted, and extension bilaterally in 280 subjects ranging in age from...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2001-05, Vol.10 (3), p.242-246
Main Authors: Barnes, Christopher J., Van Steyn, Scott J., Fischer, Richard A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Age Factors
Aged
Biomechanical Phenomena
Child
Child, Preschool
Female
Functional Laterality
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Range of Motion, Articular - physiology
Reference Values
Sex Factors
Shoulder Joint - physiology
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Summary:To determine the effects of age, sex, and arm dominance on shoulder range of motion, we measured active and passive forward elevation, abduction, internal and external rotation at 90° of abduction, external rotation with the arm adducted, and extension bilaterally in 280 subjects ranging in age from 4 to 70 years. Linear regression analyses were performed for all motions except forward elevation. This motion, which showed a nonlinear pattern of decline with age, was evaluated with 3-way analysis of variance. Shoulder range of motion decreased with age for all measured motions with the exception of internal rotation, which increased with age. Female subjects had a significantly greater range of motion than male subjects for all motions measured. Dominant arms displayed significantly greater external rotation than nondominant, regardless of whether the arm was abducted or adducted at the time of measurement. However, nondominant shoulders demonstrated significantly greater internal rotation and extension than dominant. No significant differences were found between dominant and nondominant sides for forward elevation or abduction. (J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2001;10:242-6.)
ISSN:1058-2746
1532-6500
DOI:10.1067/mse.2001.115270