Immunology of avian influenza virus: a review

Avian influenza virus can cause serious disease in a wide variety of birds and mammals, but its natural host range is in wild ducks, gulls, and shorebirds. Infections in poultry can be inapparent or cause respiratory disease, decreases in production, or a rapidly fatal systemic disease known as high...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Developmental and comparative immunology 2000-03, Vol.24 (2), p.269-283
Main Authors: Suarez, D.L, Schultz-Cherry, S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antigenic drift
Avian influenza virus
Ducks
Hemagglutinin
Highly pathogenic avian influenza
Influenza A virus - immunology
Influenza in Birds - immunology
Neuraminidase
Poultry
Respiratory
Systemic infection
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Summary:Avian influenza virus can cause serious disease in a wide variety of birds and mammals, but its natural host range is in wild ducks, gulls, and shorebirds. Infections in poultry can be inapparent or cause respiratory disease, decreases in production, or a rapidly fatal systemic disease known as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). For the protection of poultry, neutralizing antibody to the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins provide the primary protection against disease. A variety of vaccines elicit neutralizing antibody, including killed whole virus vaccines and fowl-pox recombinant vaccines. Antigenic drift of influenza viruses appears to be less important in causing vaccine failures in poultry as compared to humans. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte response can reduce viral shedding in mildly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, but provides questionable protection against HPAI. Influenza viruses can directly affect the immune response of infected birds, and the role of the Mx gene, interferons, and other cytokines in protection from disease remains unknown.
ISSN:0145-305X
1879-0089
DOI:10.1016/S0145-305X(99)00078-6