A soluble form of CD83 is released from activated dendritic cells and B lymphocytes, and is detectable in normal human sera

• Published in: International immunology 2001-07, Vol.13 (7), p.959-967
• Main Authors: Hock, Barry D., Kato, Masato, McKenzie, Judith L., Hart, Derek N. J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antigens, CD; B-Lymphocytes - immunology; Biomarkers; CD83; CD83 Antigen; Cell Line, Transformed; DC dendritic cells; dendritic cell; Dendritic Cells - immunology; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - methods; GM-CSF granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor; HD Hodgkin's disease; HRP horseradish peroxidase; Humans; Immunoglobulins - blood; Immunoglobulins - metabolism; Jurkat Cells; Lymphocyte Activation - immunology; mCD83 membrane bound CD83; Membrane Glycoproteins - blood; Membrane Glycoproteins - metabolism; Mo-DC monocyte-derived dendritic cells; OPD o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride; PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cell; PE phycoerythrin; PMA phorbol myristate acetate; sCD83 soluble CD83; Solubility; soluble; TNF tumor necrosis factor; U937 Cells
• ISSN: 0953-8178; 1460-2377
• DOI: 10.1093/intimm/13.7.959

CD83 is an inducible glycoprotein expressed predominantly by dendritic cells (DC) and B lymphocytes. Expression of membrane CD83 (mCD83) is widely used as a marker of differentiated/activated DC but its function and ligand(s) are presently unknown. We report the existence of a soluble form of CD83 (sCD83). Using both a sCD83-specific ELISA and Western blotting, we could demonstrate the release of sCD83 by mCD83+ B cell and Hodgkin's disease-derived cell lines, but not mCD83– cells. Inhibition of de novo protein synthesis did not affect the release of sCD83 during short-term (2 h) culture of cell lines although mCD83 expression was significantly reduced, suggesting sCD83 is generated by the release of mCD83. Isolated tonsillar B lymphocytes and monocyte-derived DC, which are mCD83low, released only low levels of sCD83 during culture. However, the differentiation/activation of these populations both up-regulated mCD83 and increased sCD83 release significantly. Analysis of sera from normal donors demonstrated the presence of low levels (121 ± 3.6 pg/ml) of circulating sCD83. Further studies utilizing purified sCD83 and the analysis of sCD83 levels in disease may provide clues to the function and ligand(s) of CD83.