Biological Considerations in the Development of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine

Over the last 12 years, many human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine candidates have been tried in humans, with disappointing results. In particular, recombinant envelope proteins have failed to elicit strong cellular immune responses or neutralizing antibody against many wild-type isolates of HI...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of infectious diseases 2000-08, Vol.182 (2), p.579-589
Main Authors: Nathanson, Neal, Mathieson, Bonnie J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
AIDS
AIDS vaccines
AIDS Vaccines - pharmacology
AIDS/HIV
Antibodies
Biological and medical sciences
Cross Reactions
Drug Design
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
HIV
HIV 1
HIV Infections - prevention & control
HIV Long-Term Survivors
HIV-1 - immunology
Human immunodeficiency virus 1
Humans
Infections
Microbiology
Review
Simian immunodeficiency virus
T lymphocytes
Technology, Pharmaceutical
Vaccination
Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies
Viremia - immunology
Virology
Viruses
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Summary:Over the last 12 years, many human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine candidates have been tried in humans, with disappointing results. In particular, recombinant envelope proteins have failed to elicit strong cellular immune responses or neutralizing antibody against many wild-type isolates of HIV-1. Attenuated strains of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), although capable of protecting against virulent strains of SIV, often retain residual pathogenicity. These difficulties suggest that it will be necessary to address a number of biological questions that underpin the rational development of an AIDS vaccine: (1) Will natural infection with HIV protect against superinfection? (2) Is partial protection induced by an HIV vaccine adequate to prevent AIDS? (3) What are the immune correlates of protection for an AIDS vaccine? (4) Will a monotypic HIV-1 vaccine confer cross-clade immunity? (5) Is mucosal immunity important for an effective AIDS vaccine? (6) Is there a rationale for therapeutic immunization? Ongoing research that is addressing these questions should lead to the formulation of a safe and effective AIDS vaccine.
ISSN:0022-1899
1537-6613
DOI:10.1086/315707