Vitamin A Supplementation and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Shedding in Women: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial

Observational studies have associated vitamin A deficiency with vaginal shedding of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-infected cells and mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission. To assess the effect of vitamin A supplementation on vaginal shedding of HIV-1, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-con...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of infectious diseases 2002-04, Vol.185 (8), p.1187-1191
Main Authors: Baeten, Jared M., McClelland, Scott, Overbaugh, Julie, Richardson, Barbra A., Emery, Sandra, Lavreys, Ludo, Mandaliya, Kishorchandra, Bankson, Daniel D., Ndinya-Achola, Jeckoniah O., Bwayo, Job J., Kreiss, Joan K.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - immunology
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - virology
Adolescent
Adult
Biological and medical sciences
Concise Communications
Dietary Supplements
DNA
Double-Blind Method
Experimentation
Female
Follow-Up Studies
HIV
HIV 1
HIV-1 - drug effects
HIV-1 - physiology
Human immunodeficiency virus 1
Human viral diseases
Humans
Infections
Infectious diseases
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Placebos
RNA
Vagina - virology
Viral diseases
Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids
Virus Shedding - drug effects
Vitamin A
Vitamin A - administration & dosage
Vitamin A deficiency
Vitamin A Deficiency - immunology
Women
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Summary:Observational studies have associated vitamin A deficiency with vaginal shedding of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-infected cells and mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission. To assess the effect of vitamin A supplementation on vaginal shedding of HIV-1, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 6 weeks of daily oral vitamin A (10,000 IU of retinyl palmitate) was conducted among 400 HIV-1-infected women in Mombasa, Kenya. At follow-up, there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of HIV-1 DNA (18% vs. 21%, P = .4) or the quantity of HIV-1 RNA (3.12 vs. 3.00 logo copies/swab, P = 1.0) in vaginal secretions of women receiving vitamin A, compared with women receiving placebo. No significant effect of supplementation on plasma HIV-1 load or CD4 or CD8 cell counts was observed, and no effect was seen among women who were vitamin A deficient at baseline. Vitamin A supplementation is unlikely to decrease the infectivity of women infected with HIV-1.
ISSN:0022-1899
1537-6613
DOI:10.1086/339823