Eicosapentaenoic acid and gamma-linolenic acid increase hippocampal concentrations of IL-4 and IL-10 and abrogate lipopolysaccharide-induced inhibition of long-term potentiation

Inflammatory changes in brain exert a negative impact on cognitive function and in animal studies, these changes are associated with impairment in hippocampal-dependent learning paradigms and in long-term potentiation (LTP), which is a putative biological substrate for learning and/or memory. Lipopo...

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Published in:Prostaglandins, leukotrienes and essential fatty acids leukotrienes and essential fatty acids, 2004-04, Vol.70 (4), p.391-397
Main Authors: Kavanagh, Thady, Lonergan, P.E, Lynch, Marina A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Eicosapentaenoic Acid - pharmacology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
gamma-Linolenic Acid - pharmacology
Hippocampus - drug effects
Hippocampus - metabolism
Inflammation - immunology
Injections, Intraperitoneal
Interleukin-10 - biosynthesis
Interleukin-10 - metabolism
Interleukin-4 - biosynthesis
Interleukin-4 - metabolism
Lipopolysaccharides - antagonists & inhibitors
Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology
Long-Term Potentiation - drug effects
Male
PPAR gamma - metabolism
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Up-Regulation - drug effects
Vertebrates: endocrinology
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Summary:Inflammatory changes in brain exert a negative impact on cognitive function and in animal studies, these changes are associated with impairment in hippocampal-dependent learning paradigms and in long-term potentiation (LTP), which is a putative biological substrate for learning and/or memory. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the cell wall of gram negative bacteria, induces inflammatory changes in the brain and leads to impairment of LTP. Since eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) inhibits LPS-induced changes in vitro, we assessed the possibility that treatment of rats with EPA, alone or in combination with gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) might inhibit LPS-induced changes in vivo. The data presented indicate that the LPS-induced inhibition of LTP and decrease in hippocampal concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-4 are blocked in rats treated with EPA, GLA or both. The evidence suggests that these effects may be coupled with fatty acid-induced up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma which possesses known anti-inflammatory effects.
ISSN:0952-3278
1532-2823
DOI:10.1016/j.plefa.2003.12.014