The relationships between endotoxins, nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines in blood and intestinal tissues in experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei infections

• Published in: Parasitology 2002-06, Vol.124 (6), p.597-604
• Main Authors: NYAKUNDI, J. N., CRAWLEY, B., PENTREATH, V. W.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal tissues; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Biopsy; cytokines; Cytokines - blood; Cytokines - metabolism; Endotoxins; Endotoxins - blood; experimental African trypanosomiasis; Experimental protozoal diseases and models; Infectious diseases; Inflammation - blood; Inflammation - metabolism; Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism; intestine; Logistic Models; Male; Medical sciences; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Nitric oxide; Nitric Oxide - blood; Nitric Oxide - metabolism; Parasitic diseases; pathogenesis; Permeability; Protozoal diseases; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Trypanosoma brucei brucei - physiology; Trypanosomiasis, African - blood; Trypanosomiasis, African - metabolism; Vector-borne diseases
• ISSN: 0031-1820; 1469-8161
• DOI: 10.1017/S0031182002001683

Increased levels of circulating endotoxins are a feature of both human and experimental African trypanosomiasis. Studies with rats and mice have shown that these may originate from intestinal damage with altered permeability of the gut epithelium. Endotoxins are potent immunomodulatory substances which can initiate the production of a range of cytokines and mediators from different cell types. In rats infected with T.b. brucei we have examined possible associations of the endotoxin increases with increases in levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ and nitric oxide (NO). Significant increases in each substance occurred at days 21 and 33 post-infection (p.i.). The increases in cytokines were highly correlated with the endotoxin levels (e.g. at day 21 p.i. the correlation–regression values were as follows: TNF-α, r = 0·9, P