Trials-to-criterion latent inhibition in humans as a function of stimulus pre-exposure and positive-schizotypy

Latent inhibition (LI) is a phenomenon during which non‐reinforced pre‐exposure to a stimulus retards later learning of associations with that same stimulus. It has been suggested that LI is a positive function of the amount of stimulus pre‐exposure (PE) and that with very small amounts of PE, facil...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The British journal of psychology 2004-05, Vol.95 (2), p.179-196
Main Authors: Burch, Giles St. J., Hemsley, David R., Joseph, Michael H.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acoustic Stimulation
Adult
Analysis
Analysis of Variance
Association Learning
Biological and medical sciences
Classical conditioning
Cognition
Conditioning (Psychology)
Cue exposure
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Inhibition (Psychology)
Latent inhibition
Learning
Male
Perception
Personality traits
Personality. Affectivity
Photic Stimulation
Proportional Hazards Models
Psychology
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenic Psychology
Schizotypal personality
Stimuli
Task performance
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Summary:Latent inhibition (LI) is a phenomenon during which non‐reinforced pre‐exposure to a stimulus retards later learning of associations with that same stimulus. It has been suggested that LI is a positive function of the amount of stimulus pre‐exposure (PE) and that with very small amounts of PE, facilitation rather than inhibition will occur—particularly in high positive‐schizotypes. Although LI has been demonstrated as a function of the amount of pre‐exposure in animals, human findings have not proved to be so uniform or consistent. The primary objective of the present study was to establish LI as a function of numbers of pre‐exposure on visual and auditory trials‐to‐criterion tasks, with a secondary objective to establish latent facilitation (LF) with very low numbers of pre‐exposure in high positive‐schizotypes. Results revealed a uniform pattern of learning across pre‐exposure conditions, including latent facilitation, on the visual, but not the auditory task. LF was also observed in the high, but not low, scorers in positive‐schizotypy with very low numbers of pre‐exposure on the visual task.
ISSN:0007-1269
2044-8295
DOI:10.1348/000712604773952412