Internal IgH Class Switch Region Deletions are Position-Independent and Enhanced by AID Expression

• Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2002-07, Vol.99 (15), p.9984-9989
• Main Authors: Dudley, Darryll D., Manis, John P., Zarrin, Ali A., Kaylor, Lianne, Tian, Ming, Alt, Frederick W.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: AIDS; Alleles; B lymphocytes; B-Lymphocytes - immunology; Base Sequence; Biological Sciences; Cell lines; Cells, Cultured; Cloning, Molecular; Cytidine Deaminase - genetics; Cytidine Deaminase - metabolism; DNA; DNA Primers; DNA probes; Exons; Gene Rearrangement; Genes; Genes, Immunoglobulin; Genetic mutation; Genomics; Humans; Hybridomas; Hybridomas - immunology; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains - genetics; Immunoglobulin Switch Region - genetics; Immunology; Lymphocyte Activation; Mutation; Recombinant Proteins - metabolism; Recombination, Genetic; Restriction Mapping; Sequence Deletion
• ISSN: 0027-8424; 1091-6490
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.152333499

Ig heavy chain class switch recombination (CSR) involves a recombination/deletion mechanism that exchanges the expressed CHgene with a downstream CHgene. CSR is mediated by highly repetitive switch (S) region sequences and requires the activation-induced deaminase (AID). The S region 5′ of the Cμ gene (Sμ) can undergo high-frequency internal deletions in normal B cells and B cell lines activated for CSR, although the relationship of these deletions and CSR has not been elucidated. In this study, we introduced constitutively transcribed Sμ or Sγ2b regions into a pro-B cell line that can be activated for AID expression, CSR, and endogenous Sμ deletions. We find that randomly integrated S region transcription units in these cells also undergo increased levels of internal rearrangements after cellular activation, indicating that the deletion process is independent of location within the Ig heavy chain locus and potentially AID-promoted. To test the latter issue, we generated hybridomas from wild-type and AID-deficient activated B cells and assayed them for internal Sμ deletions and S region mutations. These studies demonstrated that efficient intra-S region recombination depends on AID expression and that internal S region deletions are accompanied by frequent mutations, indicating that most S region deletions occur by the same mechanism as CSR.