Sex-selective QT prolongation during rapid eye movement sleep

We examined the effects of the various sleep stages on RR and QT intervals in healthy subjects and tested the hypothesis that there is a differential effect of sleep stage on QT interval in women compared with men. Eighteen healthy subjects (9 women, age 22 to 45 years) underwent polysomnography and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Circulation (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2002-09, Vol.106 (12), p.1488-1492
Main Authors: LANFRANCHI, Paola A, SHAMSUZZAMAN, Abu S. M, ACKERMAN, Michael J, KARA, Tomas, JURAK, Pavel, WOLK, Robert, SOMERS, Virend K
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Arrhythmias, Cardiac - etiology
Biological and medical sciences
Blood Pressure
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Cardiology. Vascular system
Electrocardiography
Female
Heart
Humans
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Polysomnography
Respiratory Mechanics
Sex Factors
Sleep Stages
Sleep, REM - physiology
Wakefulness
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Summary:We examined the effects of the various sleep stages on RR and QT intervals in healthy subjects and tested the hypothesis that there is a differential effect of sleep stage on QT interval in women compared with men. Eighteen healthy subjects (9 women, age 22 to 45 years) underwent polysomnography and simultaneous recording of ECG, blood pressure, and respiration. RR interval, RR variability, and QT values were measured in stable conditions (no abrupt changes of heart rate or blood pressure, stable breathing pattern) during inactive wakefulness during stages 2 and 3 to 4 of non-REM sleep and during REM sleep. The absolute QT interval was normalized for variations of RR (QTc). In men, RR interval and RR variability increased through all sleep stages. The QTc remained stable from wakefulness through all sleep stages. In women, however, RR interval increased only during non-REM and was virtually identical in wakefulness and in REM. RR variability remained very stable from wakefulness through all stages of sleep. Also, during REM in women, both absolute QT interval and QTc, regardless of the correction maneuver used, increased compared with wakefulness. The influence of sleep on RR, RR variability, and QTc is sex-dependent. We speculate that these differential sex effects on cardiac rate and repolarization may have important implications for sleep-selected cardiac arrhythmias in women.
ISSN:0009-7322
1524-4539
DOI:10.1161/01.cir.0000030183.10934.95