Platelet concentration and its effect on bone formation in calvarial defects: An experimental study in rabbits

• Published in: The Journal of prosthetic dentistry 2001-10, Vol.86 (4), p.428-433
• Main Authors: Kim, Eun-Seok, Park, Eun-Jin, Choung, Pill-Hoon
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; Animals; Blood Platelets - physiology; Bone Diseases - diagnostic imaging; Bone Diseases - pathology; Bone Diseases - physiopathology; Bone Diseases - surgery; Bone Matrix - transplantation; Bone Substitutes - therapeutic use; Cattle; Connective Tissue - diagnostic imaging; Connective Tissue - pathology; Dentistry; Disease Models, Animal; Fluorescent Dyes; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Minerals - therapeutic use; Osteogenesis - physiology; Platelet Count; Plateletpheresis; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Skull - diagnostic imaging; Skull - pathology; Skull - physiopathology; Skull - surgery; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
• ISSN: 0022-3913; 1097-6841
• DOI: 10.1067/mpr.2001.115874

Statement of problem. The use of the platelet concentration technique is widespread in dental implant surgery. However, its effect or mechanism is not clearly understood. Purpose. This study introduced an animal model for the platelet concentration technique and evaluated its effect on bone formation with natural cancellous bovine bone mineral. Material and methods. Adult New Zealand white rabbits were used as the animal model. A density gradient medium was used to obtain a constant platelet count for the preparation of platelet concentrates. In the experimental group, natural cancellous bovine bone mineral with added platelet concentrates was grafted onto critically sized bony defects of the rabbit calvarium. Bone formation in the tissue sections was evaluated with soft x-ray imaging and computer tomography. Results. The average platelet count of the rabbit platelet concentrates was 1487 × 103/μL (287% concentrated). In all the tested parameters, greater bone densities were obtained in grafts that were combined with platelet concentrates. Conclusion. This study showed that the rabbit is a useful animal model for studying the platelet concentration technique. When combined with grafts of natural cancellous bovine bone mineral, the technique increased bone formation. (J Prosthet Dent 2001;86:428-33.)