Is Veno-occlusive Disease a Specific Syndrome or the Exacerbation of Physiopathologic Hemostatic Changes in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT)?

• Published in: Thrombosis research 2000-09, Vol.99 (5), p.439-446
• Main Authors: Villalón, Lucı́a, Avello, Angel Garcı́a, César, Jesús, Odriozola, Jesús, López, Javier, Oteyza, Jaime Pérez, Laraña, José Garcı́a, Cantalapiedra, Alberto, Navarro, José Luis
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy; Biological and medical sciences; Biomarkers - blood; Blood Coagulation - physiology; Blood Coagulation Factors - metabolism; Bone marrow, stem cells transplantation. Graft versus host reaction; Cholestasis - blood; Diagnosis, Differential; Endothelial damage; Endothelium, Vascular - injuries; Endothelium, Vascular - physiopathology; Female; Fibrinolysis - physiology; Hematologic Neoplasms - complications; Hematologic Neoplasms - therapy; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - adverse effects; Hemostasis - physiology; Hemostatic Disorders - physiopathology; HSCT; Humans; Hypercoagulability; Incidence; Kidney Function Tests; Liver Function Tests; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Syndrome; Transfusions. Complications. Transfusion reactions. Cell and gene therapy; Transplantation Conditioning; Treatment Outcome; Vascular Diseases - diagnosis; Vascular Diseases - physiopathology; VOD
• ISSN: 0049-3848; 1879-2472
• DOI: 10.1016/S0049-3848(00)00269-3

The objective of the present study was to analyze whether veno-occlusive disease (VOD) is based on specific findings or whether this syndrome is the exacerbation of changes in hemostatic parameters that develop following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). 40 patients undergoing HSCT were enrolled (6 allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and 34 peripheral stem cell rescue—2 allogeneic, 32 autologous). Measurements of hemostatic parameters (endothelial, hypercoagulability and fibrinolytic markers) were obtained prior to chemotherapy and weekly thereafter for 3 weeks. The incidence of VOD was 15%. HSCT showed a state of moderate hypercoagulability (increase of thrombin-antithrombin complex and fibrinogen, and decrease of Factor VII, Protein C, and antithombin-III), probably as a consequence of marked endothelial damage (increase of von Willebrand Factor and tissue plasminogen activator). All these alterations create a potentially prothrombotic state, more pronounced in VOD. The decreasing incidence of VOD and the moderate disease in all patients suggest that increasing improvements in transplant strategies have reduced the risk and severity of a syndrome that at the beginning of the transplantation era was a leading cause of morbidity/mortality.