Fermentation of cellulose and production of cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes by anaerobic fungi from ruminant and non-ruminant herbivores

Four anaerobic fungi were grown on filter paper cellulose and monitored over a 7-8 days period for substrate utilisation, fermentation products, and secretion of cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes. Two of the fungi (N1 and N2) were Neocallimastix species isolated from a ruminant (sheep) and the ot...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Archives of microbiology 1991-09, Vol.156 (4), p.290-296
Main Authors: TEUNISSEN, M. J, SMITS, A. A. M, OP DEN CAMP, H. J. M, HUIS IN'T VELD, J. H. J, VOGELS, G. D
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anaerobiosis
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Biotechnology
Cellulase - metabolism
Cellulose - metabolism
Elephants - microbiology
Fermentation
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Fungi - enzymology
Fungi - metabolism
Glycoside Hydrolases - metabolism
Growth, nutrition, metabolism, transports, enzymes. Molecular biology
Microbiology
Mycology
Perissodactyla - microbiology
Piromyces
Ruminants - microbiology
Xylan Endo-1,3-beta-Xylosidase
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Summary:Four anaerobic fungi were grown on filter paper cellulose and monitored over a 7-8 days period for substrate utilisation, fermentation products, and secretion of cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes. Two of the fungi (N1 and N2) were Neocallimastix species isolated from a ruminant (sheep) and the other two fungi were Piromyces species (E2 and R1) isolated from an Indian Elephant and an Indian Rhinoceros, respectively. The tested anaerobic fungi degraded the filter paper cellulose almost completely and estimated cellulose digestion rates were 0.25, 0.13, 0.21 and 0.18 g.l-1.h-1 for strains E2, N1, N2, R1, respectively. All strains secreted cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes, including endoglucanase, exoglucanase, beta-glucosidase and xylanase. Strain E2 secreted the highest levels of enzymes in a relatively short time. The product formation on avicel by enzymes secreted by the four fungi was studied. Both in the presence and absence of glucurono-1,5-delta-lactone, a specific inhibitor of beta-glucosidase, mainly glucose was formed but no cellobiose. Therefore the exoglucanase secreted by the four fungi is probably a glucohydrolase.
ISSN:0302-8933
1432-072X
DOI:10.1007/bf00263000