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Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of high-dose anabolic steroid administration in male normal volunteers
Objective: Despite widespread abuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), the endocrine effects of supraphysiologic doses of these compounds remain unclear. We administered the AAS methyltestosterone (MT) to 20 normal volunteers in an in-patient setting, examined its effects on levels of pituitary-...
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| Published in: | Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003-04, Vol.28 (3), p.317-331 |
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| container_title | Psychoneuroendocrinology |
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| creator | Daly, R.C. Su, T.-P. Schmidt, P.J. Pagliaro, M. Pickar, D. Rubinow, D.R. |
| description | Objective: Despite widespread abuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), the endocrine effects of supraphysiologic doses of these compounds remain unclear. We administered the AAS methyltestosterone (MT) to 20 normal volunteers in an in-patient setting, examined its effects on levels of pituitary-gonadal, -thyroid, and -adrenal hormones, and examined potential relationships between endocrine changes and MT-induced psychological symptoms.
Method: Subjects received MT (three days of 40 mg/day, then three days of 240 mg/day) or placebo in a fixed sequence with neither subjects nor raters aware of order. Samples were obtained at the ends of the baseline, high-dose MT and withdrawal phases. Potential relationships between hormonal changes and visual analog scale measured mood changes were examined.
Results: Significant decreases in plasma levels of gonadotropins, gonadal steroids, sex hormone binding globulin, free T3 and T4, and thyroid binding globulin (Bonferroni
t,
p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0306-4530(02)00025-2 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_73010949</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0306453002000252</els_id><sourcerecordid>73010949</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-9258a7857918d2bfb09134f4c183aa71a30570ceb1f4eceb7f65cd295d6f3e2f3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqF0E2PFCEQgGFiNO64-hM0XDR6aC2g6W5Oxmz8SjZ6UM-EhsLB0LBC9yT-e5mdiXv0VJenCvIS8pTBawZsePMNBAxdLwW8BP4KALjs-D2yY9MoOiEGuE92_8gFeVTrr4aGaeAPyQXjchRcqR2JX3ArGZPLtoSE1CRHZ9ybQ8jFRIreo10rzZ7uw89953I9GjPnGCytK5YcHDVuCSnUtZg15ERDoouJSFMubdJDjltaEUt9TB54Eys-Oc9L8uPD--9Xn7rrrx8_X7277qxQbO0Ul5MZJzkqNjk--xkUE73vLZuEMSMzAuQIFmfme2xj9IO0jivpBi-Qe3FJXpzu3pT8e8O66iVUizGahHmrehTAQPWqQXmCtuRaC3p9U8Jiyh_NQB8z69vM-thQA9e3mTVve8_OD2zzgu5u69y1gednYKo10ReTbKh3rh8kn6Bv7u3JYctxCFh0tQGTRRdKC69dDv_5yl-xe5tM</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>73010949</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of high-dose anabolic steroid administration in male normal volunteers</title><source>ScienceDirect Freedom Collection</source><creator>Daly, R.C. ; Su, T.-P. ; Schmidt, P.J. ; Pagliaro, M. ; Pickar, D. ; Rubinow, D.R.</creator><creatorcontrib>Daly, R.C. ; Su, T.-P. ; Schmidt, P.J. ; Pagliaro, M. ; Pickar, D. ; Rubinow, D.R.</creatorcontrib><description>Objective: Despite widespread abuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), the endocrine effects of supraphysiologic doses of these compounds remain unclear. We administered the AAS methyltestosterone (MT) to 20 normal volunteers in an in-patient setting, examined its effects on levels of pituitary-gonadal, -thyroid, and -adrenal hormones, and examined potential relationships between endocrine changes and MT-induced psychological symptoms.
Method: Subjects received MT (three days of 40 mg/day, then three days of 240 mg/day) or placebo in a fixed sequence with neither subjects nor raters aware of order. Samples were obtained at the ends of the baseline, high-dose MT and withdrawal phases. Potential relationships between hormonal changes and visual analog scale measured mood changes were examined.
Results: Significant decreases in plasma levels of gonadotropins, gonadal steroids, sex hormone binding globulin, free T3 and T4, and thyroid binding globulin (Bonferroni
t,
p<0.01 for each) were seen during high-dose MT; free thyroxine and TSH increased during high-dose MT, with TSH increases reaching significance during withdrawal. No significant changes in pituitary-adrenal hormones were observed. Changes in free thyroxine significantly correlated with changes in aggressiveness (anger, violent feelings, irritability)
(r=0.5
,
p=0.02
)
and changes in total testosterone correlated significantly with changes in cognitive cluster symptoms (forgetfulness, distractibility)
(r=0.52
,
p=0.02
)
. Hormonal changes did not correlate with plasma MT levels.
Conclusions: Acute high-dose MT administration acutely suppresses the reproductive axis and significantly impacts thyroid axis balance without a consistent effect on pituitary-adrenal hormones. Mood and behavioral effects observed during AAS use may in part reflect secondary hormonal changes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0306-4530</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-3360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0306-4530(02)00025-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12573299</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PSYCDE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Affect - drug effects ; Aggression ; Aggression - drug effects ; Anabolic Agents - pharmacology ; Anabolic steroids ; Analysis of Variance ; Androgens - metabolism ; Behavioral psychophysiology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Estrogens - metabolism ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Hormones and behavior ; Humans ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - drug effects ; Male ; Methyltestosterone ; Methyltestosterone - pharmacology ; Mood ; Neurosecretory Systems - drug effects ; Pituitary-Adrenal System - drug effects ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychophysiology ; Reference Values ; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin - drug effects ; Thyroid ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Hormones - metabolism</subject><ispartof>Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2003-04, Vol.28 (3), p.317-331</ispartof><rights>2002</rights><rights>2003 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-9258a7857918d2bfb09134f4c183aa71a30570ceb1f4eceb7f65cd295d6f3e2f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-9258a7857918d2bfb09134f4c183aa71a30570ceb1f4eceb7f65cd295d6f3e2f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=14652804$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12573299$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Daly, R.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Su, T.-P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmidt, P.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pagliaro, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pickar, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rubinow, D.R.</creatorcontrib><title>Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of high-dose anabolic steroid administration in male normal volunteers</title><title>Psychoneuroendocrinology</title><addtitle>Psychoneuroendocrinology</addtitle><description>Objective: Despite widespread abuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), the endocrine effects of supraphysiologic doses of these compounds remain unclear. We administered the AAS methyltestosterone (MT) to 20 normal volunteers in an in-patient setting, examined its effects on levels of pituitary-gonadal, -thyroid, and -adrenal hormones, and examined potential relationships between endocrine changes and MT-induced psychological symptoms.
Method: Subjects received MT (three days of 40 mg/day, then three days of 240 mg/day) or placebo in a fixed sequence with neither subjects nor raters aware of order. Samples were obtained at the ends of the baseline, high-dose MT and withdrawal phases. Potential relationships between hormonal changes and visual analog scale measured mood changes were examined.
Results: Significant decreases in plasma levels of gonadotropins, gonadal steroids, sex hormone binding globulin, free T3 and T4, and thyroid binding globulin (Bonferroni
t,
p<0.01 for each) were seen during high-dose MT; free thyroxine and TSH increased during high-dose MT, with TSH increases reaching significance during withdrawal. No significant changes in pituitary-adrenal hormones were observed. Changes in free thyroxine significantly correlated with changes in aggressiveness (anger, violent feelings, irritability)
(r=0.5
,
p=0.02
)
and changes in total testosterone correlated significantly with changes in cognitive cluster symptoms (forgetfulness, distractibility)
(r=0.52
,
p=0.02
)
. Hormonal changes did not correlate with plasma MT levels.
Conclusions: Acute high-dose MT administration acutely suppresses the reproductive axis and significantly impacts thyroid axis balance without a consistent effect on pituitary-adrenal hormones. Mood and behavioral effects observed during AAS use may in part reflect secondary hormonal changes.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Affect - drug effects</subject><subject>Aggression</subject><subject>Aggression - drug effects</subject><subject>Anabolic Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Anabolic steroids</subject><subject>Analysis of Variance</subject><subject>Androgens - metabolism</subject><subject>Behavioral psychophysiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Estrogens - metabolism</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Hormones and behavior</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - drug effects</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Methyltestosterone</subject><subject>Methyltestosterone - pharmacology</subject><subject>Mood</subject><subject>Neurosecretory Systems - drug effects</subject><subject>Pituitary-Adrenal System - drug effects</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Reference Values</subject><subject>Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin - drug effects</subject><subject>Thyroid</subject><subject>Thyroid Function Tests</subject><subject>Thyroid Hormones - metabolism</subject><issn>0306-4530</issn><issn>1873-3360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqF0E2PFCEQgGFiNO64-hM0XDR6aC2g6W5Oxmz8SjZ6UM-EhsLB0LBC9yT-e5mdiXv0VJenCvIS8pTBawZsePMNBAxdLwW8BP4KALjs-D2yY9MoOiEGuE92_8gFeVTrr4aGaeAPyQXjchRcqR2JX3ArGZPLtoSE1CRHZ9ybQ8jFRIreo10rzZ7uw89953I9GjPnGCytK5YcHDVuCSnUtZg15ERDoouJSFMubdJDjltaEUt9TB54Eys-Oc9L8uPD--9Xn7rrrx8_X7277qxQbO0Ul5MZJzkqNjk--xkUE73vLZuEMSMzAuQIFmfme2xj9IO0jivpBi-Qe3FJXpzu3pT8e8O66iVUizGahHmrehTAQPWqQXmCtuRaC3p9U8Jiyh_NQB8z69vM-thQA9e3mTVve8_OD2zzgu5u69y1gednYKo10ReTbKh3rh8kn6Bv7u3JYctxCFh0tQGTRRdKC69dDv_5yl-xe5tM</recordid><startdate>20030401</startdate><enddate>20030401</enddate><creator>Daly, R.C.</creator><creator>Su, T.-P.</creator><creator>Schmidt, P.J.</creator><creator>Pagliaro, M.</creator><creator>Pickar, D.</creator><creator>Rubinow, D.R.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20030401</creationdate><title>Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of high-dose anabolic steroid administration in male normal volunteers</title><author>Daly, R.C. ; Su, T.-P. ; Schmidt, P.J. ; Pagliaro, M. ; Pickar, D. ; Rubinow, D.R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-9258a7857918d2bfb09134f4c183aa71a30570ceb1f4eceb7f65cd295d6f3e2f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Affect - drug effects</topic><topic>Aggression</topic><topic>Aggression - drug effects</topic><topic>Anabolic Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Anabolic steroids</topic><topic>Analysis of Variance</topic><topic>Androgens - metabolism</topic><topic>Behavioral psychophysiology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Estrogens - metabolism</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Hormones and behavior</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - drug effects</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Methyltestosterone</topic><topic>Methyltestosterone - pharmacology</topic><topic>Mood</topic><topic>Neurosecretory Systems - drug effects</topic><topic>Pituitary-Adrenal System - drug effects</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Reference Values</topic><topic>Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin - drug effects</topic><topic>Thyroid</topic><topic>Thyroid Function Tests</topic><topic>Thyroid Hormones - metabolism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Daly, R.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Su, T.-P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmidt, P.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pagliaro, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pickar, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rubinow, D.R.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Psychoneuroendocrinology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Daly, R.C.</au><au>Su, T.-P.</au><au>Schmidt, P.J.</au><au>Pagliaro, M.</au><au>Pickar, D.</au><au>Rubinow, D.R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of high-dose anabolic steroid administration in male normal volunteers</atitle><jtitle>Psychoneuroendocrinology</jtitle><addtitle>Psychoneuroendocrinology</addtitle><date>2003-04-01</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>317</spage><epage>331</epage><pages>317-331</pages><issn>0306-4530</issn><eissn>1873-3360</eissn><coden>PSYCDE</coden><abstract>Objective: Despite widespread abuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), the endocrine effects of supraphysiologic doses of these compounds remain unclear. We administered the AAS methyltestosterone (MT) to 20 normal volunteers in an in-patient setting, examined its effects on levels of pituitary-gonadal, -thyroid, and -adrenal hormones, and examined potential relationships between endocrine changes and MT-induced psychological symptoms.
Method: Subjects received MT (three days of 40 mg/day, then three days of 240 mg/day) or placebo in a fixed sequence with neither subjects nor raters aware of order. Samples were obtained at the ends of the baseline, high-dose MT and withdrawal phases. Potential relationships between hormonal changes and visual analog scale measured mood changes were examined.
Results: Significant decreases in plasma levels of gonadotropins, gonadal steroids, sex hormone binding globulin, free T3 and T4, and thyroid binding globulin (Bonferroni
t,
p<0.01 for each) were seen during high-dose MT; free thyroxine and TSH increased during high-dose MT, with TSH increases reaching significance during withdrawal. No significant changes in pituitary-adrenal hormones were observed. Changes in free thyroxine significantly correlated with changes in aggressiveness (anger, violent feelings, irritability)
(r=0.5
,
p=0.02
)
and changes in total testosterone correlated significantly with changes in cognitive cluster symptoms (forgetfulness, distractibility)
(r=0.52
,
p=0.02
)
. Hormonal changes did not correlate with plasma MT levels.
Conclusions: Acute high-dose MT administration acutely suppresses the reproductive axis and significantly impacts thyroid axis balance without a consistent effect on pituitary-adrenal hormones. Mood and behavioral effects observed during AAS use may in part reflect secondary hormonal changes.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>12573299</pmid><doi>10.1016/S0306-4530(02)00025-2</doi><tpages>15</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2003-04, Vol.28 (3), p.317-331 |
| issn | 0306-4530 1873-3360 |
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| source | ScienceDirect Freedom Collection |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Affect - drug effects Aggression Aggression - drug effects Anabolic Agents - pharmacology Anabolic steroids Analysis of Variance Androgens - metabolism Behavioral psychophysiology Biological and medical sciences Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Estrogens - metabolism Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hormones and behavior Humans Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - drug effects Male Methyltestosterone Methyltestosterone - pharmacology Mood Neurosecretory Systems - drug effects Pituitary-Adrenal System - drug effects Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Reference Values Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin - drug effects Thyroid Thyroid Function Tests Thyroid Hormones - metabolism |
| title | Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of high-dose anabolic steroid administration in male normal volunteers |
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