Dendritic Cells Exposed to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Transmit a Vigorous Cytopathic Infection to CD4$^+$ T Cells

The paucity of virus-laden CD4$^+$ cells in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) contrasts with the greatly reduced numbers and function of these lymphocytes. A pathway is described whereby dendritic cells carry HIV-1 to uninfected T cells, amplifying the cytopathic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 1992-07, Vol.257 (5068), p.383-387
Main Authors: Cameron, Paul U., Freudenthal, Peter S., Barker, Jeanne M., Gezelter, Stuart, Inaba, Kayo, Steinman, Ralph M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - drug therapy
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - transmission
AIDS/HIV
Animals
Antigen-Presenting Cells - immunology
Antigens
Biological and medical sciences
Blasts
CD4 lymphocytes
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - microbiology
Cell Separation
Cultured cells
Cytopathology
Dendritic cells
Dendritic Cells - immunology
Dendritic Cells - microbiology
Development and progression
Flow Cytometry
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
HIV
HIV 1
HIV Core Protein p24 - biosynthesis
HIV infection
HIV infections
HIV Long Terminal Repeat - physiology
HIV-1 - pathogenicity
In Vitro Techniques
Infections
Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
Mice
Microbiology
Microscopy, Electron
Natural killer T cells
Pathology, Cellular
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Replicative cycle, interference, host-virus relations, pathogenicity, miscellaneous strains
T lymphocytes
Virology
Viruses
Zidovudine - pharmacology
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Summary:The paucity of virus-laden CD4$^+$ cells in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) contrasts with the greatly reduced numbers and function of these lymphocytes. A pathway is described whereby dendritic cells carry HIV-1 to uninfected T cells, amplifying the cytopathic effects of small amounts of virus. After exposure to HIV-1, dendritic cells continue to present superantigens and antigens, forming clusters with T cells that are driven to replicate. Infection of the dendritic cells cannot be detected, but the clustered T cells form syncytia, release virions, and die. Carriage of HIV-1 by dendritic cells may facilitate the lysis and loss of antigen specific CD4$^+$ T cells in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
ISSN:0036-8075
1095-9203
DOI:10.1126/science.1352913