HIV Tat, its TARgets and the control of viral gene expression

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) (transactivator of transcription (Tat)) protein is a pleiotropic factor that induces a broad range of biological effects in numerous cell types. At the HIV promoter, Tat is a powerful transactivator of gene expression, which acts by both inducing chromatin re...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:FEMS Microbiology Letters 2003-03, Vol.220 (1), p.57-65
Main Authors: Brigati, Claudio, Giacca, Mauro, Noonan, Douglas M, Albini, Adriana
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetylation
Acetyltransferases - metabolism
Bacteriophage lambda - genetics
Biological and medical sciences
Chromatin - genetics
Chromatin - metabolism
Endocytosis
Extracellular Space - metabolism
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
Gene Products, tat - physiology
Genes, tat
Genetics
Histone Acetyltransferases
Histones - metabolism
HIV Long Terminal Repeat
HIV-1 - genetics
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Intracellular Fluid - metabolism
Lambda phage
Microbiology
Miscellaneous
Models, Biological
Pathogenesis
Positive Transcriptional Elongation Factor B
Promoter Regions, Genetic - genetics
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - metabolism
Receptors, Virus - physiology
Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
RNA Polymerase II - metabolism
RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis
RNA, Viral - metabolism
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins - metabolism
tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Transactivation
Transactivator of transcription
Transcriptional Activation
Virology
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Description
Summary:The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) (transactivator of transcription (Tat)) protein is a pleiotropic factor that induces a broad range of biological effects in numerous cell types. At the HIV promoter, Tat is a powerful transactivator of gene expression, which acts by both inducing chromatin remodeling and by recruiting elongation-competent transcriptional complexes onto the viral LTR. Besides these transcriptional activities, Tat is released outside the cells and interacts with different cell membrane-associated receptors. Finally, extracellular Tat can be internalized by cells through an active endocytosis process. Here we discuss some of the molecular mechanisms involved in intracellular and extracellular Tat function.
ISSN:0378-1097
1574-6968
DOI:10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00067-3