Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of Gonazon implants in the treatment of reproductive pathologies, behavioral problems, and suppression of reproductive function in the male dog

• Published in: Theriogenology 2010-04, Vol.73 (7), p.920-926
• Main Authors: Goericke-Pesch, S., Wilhelm, E., Ludwig, C., Desmoulins, P.O., Driancourt, M.A., Hoffmann, B.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: abnormal behavior; aggression; Aggression - drug effects; Aggressiveness; animal behavior; Animals; azagly-nafarelin; Behavior, Animal - drug effects; Benign prostatic hyperplasia; castration; Contraceptive Agents, Male - administration & dosage; Dog; dog diseases; Dog Diseases - drug therapy; Dog Diseases - pathology; Dogs; drug delivery systems; Drug Implants; drug therapy; GnRH agonist; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - agonists; Gonazon (drug implants); hormonal castration; hormonal regulation; hormone agonists; hormone secretion; hyperplasia; Hypersexuality; Male; male fertility; male genital diseases; males; Nafarelin - administration & dosage; Nafarelin - adverse effects; Nafarelin - analogs & derivatives; Prostate - pathology; prostate gland; Prostatic Hyperplasia - drug therapy; Prostatic Hyperplasia - pathology; Prostatic Hyperplasia - veterinary; sexual behavior; Sexual Behavior, Animal - drug effects; testicular development; Testis - pathology; testosterone; Urination - drug effects
• ISSN: 0093-691X; 1879-3231
• DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.11.018

Efficacy of a slow-release gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-agonist implant (Gonazon) was assessed in 53 male dogs presented with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), hypersexuality, aggressive behavior (either alone or in combination), excessive micturition, or to suppress fertility. Changes in testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) concentrations and size of testes and prostate were monitored on Weeks 0, +8, and +26 after implantation. Additional measurements during and after this period were performed in 35 dogs. Clinical signs were assessed by the owners. All implants except one were retained throughout the study. Full downregulation of testicular function (T < 0.35 nmol/L) was achieved in 46 dogs, five dogs showed partial downregulation (T = 0.36 to 0.47 nmol/L), one dog did not respond, and another one displayed a transient downregulation on Week +18. On Week +8, mean T and E2 levels were reduced by 96% and 62%, respectively, and did not further decrease. Full downregulation (T < 0.35 nmol/L) lasted between 6 to >22 mo in most dogs except two. Compared with pretreatment values, mean testicular and prostatic size was reduced (P < 0.00001) by 54% and 52%, respectively, on Week +8 and by 68% and 64%, respectively, on Week +26. Relative reduction of prostatic size was more marked in dogs with BPH than in healthy ones on Week +8 (P < 0.05) and Week +26 (P < 0.02), and clinical signs of BPH disappeared rapidly after implantation. Dogs affected with BPH were significantly older (P < 0.001) than nonaffected ones (9.7 vs. 2.5 yr). Hypersexuality was more common in dogs < 3 yr of age, and treatment clearly improved clinical signs. Age significantly affected the response to treatment in aggressive dogs; 75% of the cases responded with an improvement. The only minor and possibly treatment-related events observed were a short-lasting exacerbation of clinical signs of BPH (two dogs), increased weight gain (three dogs), and anxiety (three dogs) with one of these dogs developing a blunt coat. These results demonstrate the clinical efficacy and overall safety of the Gonazon implants.