In vitro-induced Th17 cells fail to induce inflammation in vivo and show an impaired migration into inflamed sites

• Published in: European journal of immunology 2010-04, Vol.40 (4), p.1089-1098
• Main Authors: Janke, Marko, Peine, Michael, Nass, Alexia, Morawietz, Lars, Hamann, Alf, Scheffold, Alexander
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adoptive Transfer; Animals; Arthritis, Experimental - etiology; Arthritis, Experimental - immunology; Arthritis, Experimental - pathology; Cell migration; Cells, Cultured - immunology; Cells, Cultured - transplantation; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Disease Models, Animal; Hypersensitivity, Delayed - immunology; Hypersensitivity, Delayed - prevention & control; Immunization; Inflammation; Interleukin-17 - antagonists & inhibitors; Interleukin-17 - immunology; Interleukin-23 - pharmacology; Interleukin-6 - pharmacology; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, SCID; Mice, Transgenic; Osteoarthritis, Knee - etiology; Osteoarthritis, Knee - immunology; Osteoarthritis, Knee - pathology; Ovalbumin - immunology; Ovalbumin - toxicity; Peptide Fragments - immunology; Peptide Fragments - toxicity; Receptors, CXCR3 - analysis; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer - immunology; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer - transplantation; Th17 cells; Transforming Growth Factor beta - pharmacology
• ISSN: 0014-2980; 1521-4141
• DOI: 10.1002/eji.200939487

Recently, IL-17 produced by Th17 cells was described as pro-inflammatory cytokine with an eminent role in autoimmune diseases, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis. A lack of IL-17 leads to amelioration of collagen-induced arthritis. IL-17 induction in naïve CD4⁺ T cells depends on IL-6 and TGF-β and is enhanced by IL-23. The in vivo inflammatory potential of in vitro-primed Th17 cells however, remains unclear. Here, we show that, although IL-17 neutralisation results in amelioration of murine OVA-induced arthritis, in vitro-primed Th17 cells cannot exacerbate arthritic symptoms after adoptive transfer. Furthermore, Th17 cells cannot induce an inflammatory delayed type hypersensitivity reaction because they fail to migrate into inflamed sites, possibly due to the lack of CXCR3 expression. Also, re-isolated Th17 cells acquired IFN-γ expression, indicating instability of the Th17 phenotype. Taken together, the data show that IL-6, TGF-β and IL-23 might not provide sufficient signals to induce "fully qualified" Th17 cells.