Adaptation of skeletal muscle to resistance training

• Published in: The journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy 1990-12, Vol.12 (6), p.248-255
• Main Authors: BANDY, W.D, LOVELACE-CHANDLER, V, MCKITRICK-BANDY, B
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; Medical sciences; Radiotherapy. Instrumental treatment. Physiotherapy. Reeducation. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects)
• ISSN: 0190-6011; 1938-1344
• DOI: 10.2519/jospt.1990.12.6.248

This paper was prepared in partial fulfillment for Doctoral Degree in Physical Therapy at Texas Woman's University in Houston, TX. Resistance training is frequently used in rehabilitation to improve musculoskeletal function. The increased ability of skeletal muscle to generate force following resistance training results from two important changes: 1) the adaptation of the muscle fiber, and 2) the extent to which the motor unit can activate the muscle (neural adaption). The purpose of this article is to provide a review of research investigating the effects of resistance training on muscle fibers and on nervous system input. Muscle fiber adaptations caused by resistance training include increased cross-sectional area of the muscle (hypertrophy, hyperplasia, or both), selective hypertrophy of fast twitch fibers, decreased or maintained mitochondrial number and capillary density of muscle, and possible changes in energy sources. Changes in nervous system input resulting from resistance training include recruitment of an increased number and firing rate of motor units, increased reflex potentiation, and improved synchronization. An understanding of the adaptations occurring in muscle in response to resistance training provides a fundamental basis for which appropriate clinical exercise training programs can be developed for the rehabilitation of patients. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1990;12(6):248-255.