Foliar spray of validamycin A or validoxylamine A controls tomato Fusarium wilt

Tomato wilt, caused by the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, is effectively controlled by a foliar spray of validamycin A (VMA) or validoxylamine A (VAA) (greater than or equal to 10 microgram/ml); however, neither VMA nor VAA is antifungal in vitro. In pot tests, the effect of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Phytopathology 2005-10, Vol.95 (10), p.1209-1216
Main Authors: Ishikawa, R, Shirouzu, K, Nakashita, H, Lee, H.Y, Motoyama, T, Yamaguchi, I, Teraoka, T, Arie, T
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
application rate
Biological and medical sciences
biosynthesis
cultivars
disease control
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Fungal plant pathogens
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
Fusarium wilt
genetic variation
induced resistance
pathogenicity
Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection
plant pathogenic fungi
salicylic acid
soil fumigation
soil fungi
Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum
symptoms
systemic acquired resistance
tomatoes
validamycins
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Summary:Tomato wilt, caused by the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, is effectively controlled by a foliar spray of validamycin A (VMA) or validoxylamine A (VAA) (greater than or equal to 10 microgram/ml); however, neither VMA nor VAA is antifungal in vitro. In pot tests, the effect of a foliar application of VMA or VAA at 100 microgram/ml lasted for 64 days. Plants sprayed with VMA or VAA accumulated salicylic acid and had elevated expression of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) marker genes P4 (PR-1), Tag (PR-2), and NP24 (PR-5). Foliar spray of VMA also controlled late blight and powdery mildew of tomato. The disease control by VMA and VAA lasted up to 64 days after treatment, was broad spectrum, and induced the expression of PR genes, all essential indicators of SAR, suggesting that VMA and VAA are plant activators. The foliar application of plant activators is a novel control method for soilborne diseases and may provide an economically feasible alternative to soil fumigants such as methyl bromide.
ISSN:0031-949X
1943-7684
DOI:10.1094/phyto-95-1209