Galactography: An application of the Galactogram Imaging Classification System (GICS)

Background: Galactography is the technique of choice for investigating pathological nipple discharge. However, there is no standardized interpretation system for this procedure. Purpose: To evaluate radiological and histological correlation using a Galactogram Imaging Classification System (GICS). M...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Acta radiologica (1987) 2010-03, Vol.51 (2), p.128-136
Main Authors: Berná-Serna, Juan D., Torres-Alés, Carolina, Berná-Mestre, Juan D., Sola-Pérez, Joaquín, Canteras-Jordana, Manuel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Analysis of Variance
Biological and medical sciences
Biopsy
Breast Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging
Breast Neoplasms - pathology
Chi-Square Distribution
Contrast Media
Diagnosis, Differential
Exudates and Transudates - diagnostic imaging
Female
Genital system. Mammary gland
Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics
Humans
Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)
Mammary gland diseases
Mammography - methods
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Nipples - diagnostic imaging
Nipples - pathology
Predictive Value of Tests
Radiodiagnosis. Nmr imagery. Nmr spectrometry
Retrospective Studies
Tumors
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Summary:Background: Galactography is the technique of choice for investigating pathological nipple discharge. However, there is no standardized interpretation system for this procedure. Purpose: To evaluate radiological and histological correlation using a Galactogram Imaging Classification System (GICS). Material and Methods: We retrospectively studied all galactograms obtained in 62 women with pathological nipple discharge who subsequently had biopsy at our institution between 1999 and 2007. The GICS proposes five categories for galactographic findings: GICS 1: negative; GICS 2: benign; GICS 3: probably benign; GICS 4: suspect for malignancy; GICS 5: highly suspect for malignancy. Results: The galactographic findings were classified as follows: GICS 2: 25.8% (16/62); GICS 3: 30.6% (19/62); GICS 4: 25.8% (16/62); and GICS 5: 17.7% (11/62). A good correlation was observed between histological diagnosis and GICS categories (P < 0.05). All the cases diagnosed with carcinoma (n = 11) were classified in GICS category 5. Conclusion: The present study shows a good correlation between GICS categories and histological diagnosis.
ISSN:0284-1851
1600-0455
DOI:10.3109/02841850903436659