Development of a new score to estimate clinical East Coast Fever in experimentally infected cattle

• Published in: Veterinary parasitology 2010-02, Vol.167 (2-4), p.255-259
• Main Authors: Schetters, Th.P.M., Arts, G., Niessen, R., Schaap, D.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; blood sampling; Cattle; cattle diseases; Clinical disease; disease prevalence; disease severity; East Coast Fever; estimation; Female; Hematocrit; Male; Method; Models, Biological; Parasitemia - blood; Parasitemia - veterinary; Pathology; scoring method; Theileria parva; Theileriasis - blood; Theileriasis - diagnosis; Theileriasis - parasitology; theileriosis; ticks; Time Factors
• ISSN: 0304-4017; 1873-2550
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.09.027

East Coast Fever is a tick-transmitted disease in cattle caused by Theileria parva protozoan parasites. Quantification of the clinical disease can be done by determining a number of variables, derived from parasitological, haematological and rectal temperature measurements as described by Rowlands et al. (2000). From a total of 13 parameters a single ECF-score is calculated that allows categorization of infected cattle in five different classes that correlate with the severity of clinical signs. This score is complicated not only by the fact that it requires estimation of 13 parameters but also because of the subsequent mathematics. The fact that the values are normalised over a range of 0–10 for each experiment makes it impossible to compare results from different experiments. Here we present an alternative score based on the packed cell volume and the number of piroplasms in the circulation and that is calculated using a simple equation; ECF-score=PCVrelday0/log(PE+10). In this equation the packed cell volume is expressed as a value relative to that of the day on infection (PCVrelday0) and the number of piroplasms is expressed as the logarithmic value of the number of infected red blood cells (=PE) in a total of 1000 red blood cells. To allow PE to be 0, +10 is added in the denominator. We analysed a data set of 54 cattle from a previous experiment and found a statistically significant linear correlation between the ECF-score value reached during the post-infection period and the Rowlands’ score value. The new score is much more practical than the Rowlands score as it only requires daily blood sampling. From these blood samples both PCV and number of piroplasms can be determined, and the score can be calculated daily. This allows monitoring the development of ECF after infection, which was hitherto not possible. In addition, the new score allows for easy comparison of results from different experiments.