N-acetylcysteine attenuates glycerol-induced acute kidney injury by regulating MAPKs and Bcl-2 family proteins

• Published in: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation dialysis, transplantation, 2010-05, Vol.25 (5), p.1435-1443
• Main Authors: Kim, Jin Hyun, Lee, Sang Soo, Jung, Myeong Hee, Yeo, Hee Dong, Kim, Hyun-Jung, Yang, Jung Ill, Roh, Gu Seob, Chang, Se-Ho, Park, Dong Jun
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetylcysteine - pharmacology; acute kidney injury; Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy; Animals; Apoptosis - drug effects; Bcl-2 family proteins; bcl-2-Associated X Protein - analysis; bcl-X Protein - analysis; Biological and medical sciences; Drug toxicity and drugs side effects treatment; Emergency and intensive care: renal failure. Dialysis management; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases - physiology; Glutathione - analysis; Glycerol - toxicity; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) - analysis; Intensive care medicine; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - physiology; Kidney - drug effects; Kidney - metabolism; Kidney - pathology; Male; MAPKs; Medical sciences; N-acetylcysteine; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - analysis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; rhabdomyolysis; Toxicity: urogenital system
• ISSN: 0931-0509; 1460-2385
• DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp659

Background. Rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) accounts for about 10 to 40% of all cases of AKI. It is known that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is effective in various experimental renal injury models; however, little information is available about the rat model of glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis. In this study, we hypothesize that NAC plays a renoprotective role via the anti-apoptotic pathway. Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: (i) saline control group, (ii) NAC-treated group (N-acetylcysteine) (150 mg/kg), (iii) glycerol-treated group (50%, 8 ml/kg, IM) and (iv) NAC plus glycerol-treated group. Rats were sacrificed at 24 h after glycerol injection, and the blood and renal tissues were harvested. Results. Glycerol administration caused severe renal dysfunction, which included marked renal oxidative stress, significantly increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels. Histopathological findings, such as cast formation and tubular necrosis, confirmed renal impairment. We noted a marked activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not p-38, in the glycerol-treated group. We also observed high expression of Bax and Bad but only weak expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL in the glycerol-treated group. However, NAC pretreatment significantly improved renal function and decreased the activation of ERK, JNK, Bax and Bad, whereas it increased Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Conclusion. These results demonstrate that NAC protects against renal dysfunction, morphological damage and biochemical changes via the anti-apoptotic pathway in the glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis model in rats.