Basic approaches used in American and Soviet clinical neuropsychology

Among that rapidly developing group of sciences of the nervous system that are now called the neurosciences, a special place is occupied by neuropsychology. Clinical neuropsychology differs from the other members of the group of neurological disciplines in that its concern lies with the role of indi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The American psychologist 1977-11, Vol.32 (11), p.959-968
Main Authors: Luria, A. R, Majovski, Lawrence V
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Brain Damage
Cross Cultural Differences
Diagnosis
Human
Measurement
Methods
Neurology
Neuropsychology
Psychological Tests
Psychology, Clinical
Test Battery
United States
USSR
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Summary:Among that rapidly developing group of sciences of the nervous system that are now called the neurosciences, a special place is occupied by neuropsychology. Clinical neuropsychology differs from the other members of the group of neurological disciplines in that its concern lies with the role of individual brain systems in the organization of human psychological activity and how these systems are altered upon brain-behavior disturbance. Two current but differing approaches, one American and one Soviet, are used in clinical neuropsychology for assessment of brain-behavior disturbance. The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery, quantitative in approach, is presented and contrasted with the qualitative syndrome-analysis scheme of clinical investigation used by Soviet neuropsychologists. Both approaches are considered in terms of their merits, clinical assets and limitations, influence on generating further scientific research questions, and contributions to the understanding of the functional organization of brain-behavior activity. Fundamental differences in the approaches--principles of work, theoretical differences, practical importance for psychology and medicine, and prospects for clinical neuropsychology's future--are summarized. (20 ref)
ISSN:0003-066X
1935-990X
DOI:10.1037/0003-066X.32.11.959