Lack of correlation between cadmium level in local brown rice and renal failure mortality among the residents: a nation-wide analysis in Japan

Objectives Cadmium is a ubiquitous hazardous element with nephro-toxicity after long-term exposure. The present study was initiated to examine possible effects of dietary cadmium (Cd) intake on health of local residents across Japan. For this purpose, Cd in locally harvested brown rice (Cd-BR) was t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International archives of occupational and environmental health 2010-03, Vol.83 (3), p.333-339
Main Authors: Koizumi, Naoru, Ohashi, Fumiko, Ikeda, Masayuki
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological and medical sciences
Cadmium
Cadmium - adverse effects
Cadmium - analysis
Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases
Diet
Diet - adverse effects
Earth and Environmental Science
Environment
Environmental Health
Female
Harvesting
Human exposure
Humans
Japan - epidemiology
Kidney diseases
Male
Medical sciences
Metals and various inorganic compounds
Mortality
Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases
Nephropathies. Renovascular diseases. Renal failure
Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine
Original Article
Oryza - adverse effects
Oryza - chemistry
Oryza sativa
Regression analysis
Rehabilitation
Renal failure
Renal Insufficiency - epidemiology
Renal Insufficiency - mortality
Rice
Toxicology
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Summary:Objectives Cadmium is a ubiquitous hazardous element with nephro-toxicity after long-term exposure. The present study was initiated to examine possible effects of dietary cadmium (Cd) intake on health of local residents across Japan. For this purpose, Cd in locally harvested brown rice (Cd-BR) was taken as the parameter of Cd exposure, and two measures of mortality, i.e., standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and age-adjusted renal insufficiency mortality rate (AARIMR) were employed as parameters of over-all health effects including effects on kidney. Methods Japan consists of 47 prefectures. Data on Cd in 37,250 brown rice samples harvested in 1997–1998 in the 47 prefectures were made available from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan. SMR and AARIMR data (for the year 2000) by two genders in the 47 prefectures were cited from publications of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan. Possible correlation of Cd in brown rice (Cd-BR) with SMR and AARIMR was examined by Poisson regression analysis. Results The geometric mean (GM) Cd-BR for Japan as a whole was 0.040 mg/kg with a geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 2.72. Prefectural GM values varied from a low of
ISSN:0340-0131
1432-1246
DOI:10.1007/s00420-009-0472-z