Glycerol acetals as anti-freezing additives for biodiesel

Glycerol acetals from butanal, pentanal, hexanal, octanal and decanal were prepared with the use of Amberlyst-15 acid resin as catalyst. The glycerol conversion decreases with the size of the hydrocarbon chain. This fact has been associated with formation of micelles and aggregates of the aldehyde t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Bioresource technology 2010-08, Vol.101 (15), p.6225-6229
Main Authors: Silva, Paulo H.R., Gonçalves, Valter L.C., Mota, Claudio J.A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetals
Acetals - chemistry
Biodiesel
Biofuel production
Biofuels - analysis
Biological and medical sciences
Biotechnology
Catalysis
Energy
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Glycerin
Glycerol - chemistry
Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects
Transition Temperature
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Summary:Glycerol acetals from butanal, pentanal, hexanal, octanal and decanal were prepared with the use of Amberlyst-15 acid resin as catalyst. The glycerol conversion decreases with the size of the hydrocarbon chain. This fact has been associated with formation of micelles and aggregates of the aldehyde to minimize the interaction between the polar glycerol molecule with the hydrocarbon chain. The Z+E mixture of the acetals with five and six-member rings were produced in all cases. The distribution of the acetal isomers varied with the reaction time, especially for the long chain aldehydes. Addition of 5vol.% of the butanal–glycerol acetal reduced the pour point of animal fat biodiesel (methyl ester) from 18 to 13°C. The decrease in the pour point of the glycerol acetals-biodiesel mixtures were dependent on the size of the hydrocarbon chain and the percent blended.
ISSN:0960-8524
1873-2976
DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.02.101