Nonpeptide Renin Inhibitors with Good Intraduodenal Bioavailability and Efficacy in Dog

• Published in: Journal of medicinal chemistry 1994-09, Vol.37 (19), p.2991-3007
• Main Authors: Boyd, Steven A, Fung, Anthony K. L, Baker, William R, Mantei, Robert A, Stein, Herman H, Cohen, Jerome, Barlow, Jennifer L, Klinghofer, Vered, Wessale, Jerry L
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alicyclic compounds; Alicyclic compounds, terpenoids, prostaglandins, steroids; Amides - chemistry; Amides - metabolism; Amides - pharmacokinetics; Amides - pharmacology; Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chemistry, Physical; Computer Simulation; Dogs; Duodenum - metabolism; Exact sciences and technology; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Morpholines - chemistry; Morpholines - metabolism; Morpholines - pharmacokinetics; Morpholines - pharmacology; Organic chemistry; Preparations and properties; Rats; Renin - antagonists & inhibitors; Renin - metabolism; Structure-Activity Relationship
• ISSN: 0022-2623; 1520-4804
• DOI: 10.1021/jm00045a003

The aim of this study was the discovery of nonpeptide renin inhibitors with much improved oral absorption, bioavailability, and efficacy, for use as antihypertensive agents. Our prior efforts led to the identification of A-74273 [1,R = 3-(4-morpholino)propyl], with a bioavailability of 26 +/- 10% [10 mg/kg intraduodenally (id), dog]. In vivo metabolism studies of A-74273 showed that the morpholino moiety underwent metabolic degradation. Computer modeling of A-74273 bound to renin indicated that the C-terminus was involved in a hydrogen-bonding network. New C-terminal groups were examined in two series of nonpeptides for effects on renin binding potency, lipophilicity (log P), and aqueous solubility. Those groups which possessed multiple hydrogen-bonding ability (3,5-diaminotriazole, cyanoguanidines, morpholino) provided particularly potent renin binding. Intraduodenal bioavailabilities of selected compounds, evaluated in rats, ferrets, and dogs, were higher for inhibitors with moderate solubility as well as moderate lipophilicity, in general. Although the absolute values varied substantially among species, the relative ordering of the inhibitors in terms of absorption and bioavailability was reasonably consistent. Such well absorbed inhibitors (e.g. 41, 44, and 51) were demonstrated as highly efficacious hypotensive agents in the salt-depleted dog. We report here the discovery of a series of efficacious nonpeptide renin inhibitors based on the 3-azaglutaramide P2-P4 replacement, the best of which showed id bioavailabilities > 50% in dog.