The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research

Despite the prevalence of sleep complaints among psychiatric patients, few questionnaires have been specifically designed to measure sleep quality in clinical populations. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a self-rated questionnaire which assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a 1-m...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Psychiatry research 1989-05, Vol.28 (2), p.193-213
Main Authors: Buysse, Daniel J., Reynolds, Charles F., Monk, Timothy H., Berman, Susan R., Kupfer, David J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
depression
Depression - psychology
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Psychological Tests
Psychometrics
Sleep
sleep disorders
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders - diagnosis
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders - psychology
sleep quality
Sleep Stages
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Despite the prevalence of sleep complaints among psychiatric patients, few questionnaires have been specifically designed to measure sleep quality in clinical populations. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a self-rated questionnaire which assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a 1-month time interval. Nineteen individual items generate seven “component” scores: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medication, and daytime dysfunction. The sum of scores for these seven components yields one global score. Clinical and clinimetric properties of the PSQI were assessed over an 18-month period with “good” sleepers (healthy subjects, n = 52) and “poor” sleepers (depressed patients, n = 54; sleep-disorder patients, n = 62). Acceptable measures of internal homogeneity, consistency (test-retest reliability), and validity were obtained. A global PSQI score > 5 yielded a diagnostic sensitivity of 89.6% and specificity of 86.5% (kappa = 0.75, p ⩽ 0.001) in distinguishing good and poor sleepers. The clinemetric and clinical properties of the PSQI suggest its utility both in psychiatric clinical practice and research activities.
ISSN:0165-1781
1872-7123
DOI:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4