An association between smoking habits and blood pressure in normotensive Japanese men: a 5-year follow-up study

Background: There are few studies on the effects of smoking on blood pressure (BP) that consider confounding factors such as age, obesity, lifestyle and blood chemistry. As such, we conducted a 5-year follow-up study to clarify the effects of smoking habits on blood pressure in normotensive Japanese...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Drug and alcohol dependence 2004-02, Vol.73 (2), p.167-174
Main Authors: Okubo, Yasushi, Suwazono, Yasushi, Kobayashi, Etsuko, Nogawa, Koji
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Addictive behaviors
Adult
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Biological and medical sciences
Blood pressure
Blood Pressure - drug effects
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Follow-Up Studies
Followup studies
Habits
Humans
Japan
Male
Medical sciences
Men
Middle Aged
Nicotine - administration & dosage
Nicotine - pharmacology
Normotension
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Smoking
Smoking - ethnology
Smoking habit
Tobacco smoking
Tobacco, tobacco smoking
Toxicology
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Summary:Background: There are few studies on the effects of smoking on blood pressure (BP) that consider confounding factors such as age, obesity, lifestyle and blood chemistry. As such, we conducted a 5-year follow-up study to clarify the effects of smoking habits on blood pressure in normotensive Japanese men. Methods: The subjects were 2107 normotensive male steelworkers aged 40–54 years. They were classified using three indices: smoking habits in 1990, changes in smoking habits, and changes in amount of smoking. The associations between these indices and changes in blood pressure were evaluated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). As analyses, BMI, salt intake, physical activity, drinking habit, and results of blood chemistry in 1990 and their changes, age and blood pressure in 1990 were used as covariates. Results: The cumulative incidence of hypertension in smokers was lower than in non- and ex-smokers. The adjusted mean of change in blood pressure of smokers was significantly lower than in non- and ex-smokers. No significant difference between non-smokers and ex-smokers, or among groups of smokers who varied their amount of smoking was observed. Conclusion: Chronic smoking reduces changes in blood pressure and 5-year cumulative incidence of hypertension. However, no significant dose-dependent effect of smoking on changes in blood pressure was observed.
ISSN:0376-8716
1879-0046
DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2003.10.005