Free Galactose Concentrations in Fresh and Stored Apples (Malus domestica) and Processed Apple Products

Gas chromatography was used to quantitate free galactose in Braeburn, Fuji, Red Delicious, and Spartan apples during cold storage, after thermal processing of apple slices and in juice produced using clarification and/or liquifaction enzymes. Spartan had significantly higher galactose levels as comp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2004-02, Vol.52 (3), p.511-517
Main Authors: Scaman, Christine H, Jim, Vickie Jin Wai, Hartnett, Carol
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Beverages - analysis
Biological and medical sciences
Cold Temperature
Enzymes
Food Handling
Food industries
Food Preservation
Fruit - chemistry
Fruit and vegetable industries
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Galactose - analysis
Galactosemias
Hot Temperature
Humans
Malus - chemistry
Pectins - analysis
Species Specificity
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Summary:Gas chromatography was used to quantitate free galactose in Braeburn, Fuji, Red Delicious, and Spartan apples during cold storage, after thermal processing of apple slices and in juice produced using clarification and/or liquifaction enzymes. Spartan had significantly higher galactose levels as compared to Red Delicious apples, but changes in galactose in all varieties during 9 months of cold storage were insignificant. Blanching and canning decreased galactose levels, but doubling the thermal processing during canning increased the free galactose concentration detected in plant tissue. An enzymatic liquefaction aid used to prepare apple juice dramatically increased the free galactose content while a clarification aid caused only a slight increase due to its selective action on soluble pectin. These findings provide useful information for dietitians to base diet recommendations for galactosemic patients. Keywords: Galactose; galactosemia; apple; storage; variety; thermal processing; juice; enzyme; pectinase; cellulase; trimethylsilyl derivative; Malus domestica
ISSN:0021-8561
1520-5118
DOI:10.1021/jf034643k