G-Quartets 40 Years Later: From 5′-GMP to Molecular Biology and Supramolecular Chemistry

Molecular self‐assembly is central to many processes in both biology and supramolecular chemistry. The G‐quartet, a hydrogen‐bonded macrocycle formed by cation‐templated assembly of guanosine, was first identified in 1962 as the basis for the aggregation of 5′‐guanosine monophosphate. We now know th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2004-01, Vol.43 (6), p.668-698
Main Author: Davis, Jeffery T.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
G-quadruplex
G-quartet
Guanosine - chemistry
Guanosine Monophosphate - chemistry
Hydrogen Bonding
Models, Molecular
Molecular Biology
molecular recognition
Nucleic Acid Conformation
self-assembly
supramolecular chemistry
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Summary:Molecular self‐assembly is central to many processes in both biology and supramolecular chemistry. The G‐quartet, a hydrogen‐bonded macrocycle formed by cation‐templated assembly of guanosine, was first identified in 1962 as the basis for the aggregation of 5′‐guanosine monophosphate. We now know that many nucleosides, oligonucleotides, and synthetic derivatives form a rich array of functional G‐quartets. The G‐quartet surfaces in areas ranging from structural biology and medicinal chemistry to supramolecular chemistry and nanotechnology. This Review integrates and summarizes knowledge gained from these different areas, with emphasis on G‐quartet structure, function, and molecular recognition. Mononucleotides in water, lipophilic nucleosides in organic solvents, or G‐rich DNA in the chromosome: Cation‐templated self‐assembly of guanosine gives supramolecular structures based on the G‐quartet (see picture). These structures have a wide range of potential functions in areas as diverse as cancer biology, separations chemistry, and biomaterials.
ISSN:1433-7851
1521-3773
DOI:10.1002/anie.200300589