The Impact of Obesity on Gynecologic Cancer Screening: An Integrative Literature Review

• Published in: Journal of midwifery & women's health 2010-07, Vol.55 (4), p.344-356
• Main Authors: Aldrich, Tess, Hackley, Barbara
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; African Americans; African Americans - psychology; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Attitude of Health Personnel; body mass index; Body weight; Breast cancer; Cervical cancer; Computerization; Cultural sensitivity; Embarrassment; European Continental Ancestry Group - psychology; Female; Genital Neoplasms, Female - diagnosis; Genital Neoplasms, Female - psychology; Gynaecological cancer; Gynecological cancer; Gynecology; Health care access; Humans; Literature reviews; mammogram; Mammography; Mass Screening - psychology; Mass Screening - utilization; Medical screening; Middle Aged; Midwifery; Midwives; Nursing; Obese women; Obesity; Obesity - ethnology; Obesity - psychology; Papanicolaou Test; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Peer review; Professional-Patient Relations; Screening; Stigma; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms - diagnosis; Vaginal Smears - psychology; Vaginal Smears - utilization; Women; Womens health; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1526-9523; 1542-2011
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jmwh.2009.10.001

Evidence indicates lower rates of breast and cervical cancer screening among obese compared to nonobese women. This integrative review examines the association between gynecologic cancer screening and body weight, as well as potential barriers to screening. A literature search of standard computerized databases was conducted for peer-reviewed articles published between 1950 and January 2009. Twenty-three studies met the criteria for review. Of the 17 studies that evaluated rates of cervical cancer screening, 13 found obese women significantly less likely than their nonobese counterparts to have had a recent Papanicolaou test, a trend that was stronger in white women when compared to African American women. Eight of the 15 studies examining routine mammography found an inverse association between increasing body weight and recent screening, although findings generally pertained only to women who were white and/or severely obese. Possible barriers to care included embarrassment and perceived weight stigma in the clinical setting, lack of appropriately sized examination equipment, and poor patient–provider communication. Further research is needed to clarify the challenges that obese women face in accessing care and to evaluate strategies such as ensuring the availability of appropriate equipment and supplies, the use of alternative screening methodologies, and more culturally sensitive counseling approaches that may improve screening rates in obese women.