A Review of the Classes, Structures, and Methods of Analysis of Synthetic Organic Pigments

Synthetic organic pigments have been manufactured since the latter part of the 19th century. Thousands of these pigments have been introduced for a variety of applications, including paints, printing inks, and the coloration of plastics and textiles. Many synthetic organic pigments are azos, contain...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 2006, Vol.45 (2), p.107-125
Main Authors: Lomax, Suzanne Quillen, Learner, Tom
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Colors
Commercial art
Copper
Hunger
Paints
Pigments
Printing ink
Salts
Solvents
Textile art
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Summary:Synthetic organic pigments have been manufactured since the latter part of the 19th century. Thousands of these pigments have been introduced for a variety of applications, including paints, printing inks, and the coloration of plastics and textiles. Many synthetic organic pigments are azos, containing the azo linkage (−N=N−). Newer classes of synthetic organic pigments have been introduced to overcome limitations of poor lightfastness or solvent fastness(bleed resistance) exhibited by some of the earlier pigments. This paper reviews the major classes of synthetic organic pigments in terms of their structures, physical properties, and specific applications. These classes include arylide yellows, diarylide yellows, β-naphthols, naphthols, benzimidazolones, disazo condensation pigments, pyrazolones, nickel azo yellow, phthalocyanines, quinacridones, perylenes and perinones, isoindolinone and isoindoline pigments, triarylcarbonium pigments, diketopyrrolo-pyrrole pigments, thioindigoids, and several miscellaneous pigments. Current methods of analysis of these pigments are discussed.
ISSN:0197-1360
1945-2330
DOI:10.1179/019713606806112540