Immunogenicity of Formaldehyde-Inactivated Enterotoxins A and C1 of Staphylococcus aureus

Quantitative precipitation of antisera specific for native enterotoxin revealed that 70% and 60%, respectively, of the antigenic determinants of enterotoxins A and C1 of Staphylococcus aureus were inactivated by formaldehyde at pH 5.0, 80% and 85%, respectively, at pH 7.5, and nearly 100% at pH 9.5....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of infectious diseases 1975-05, Vol.131 (5), p.535-542
Main Authors: Warren, John R., Spero, Leonard, Metzger, Joseph F., McGann, Virginia G.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antibodies
Antibody Formation
Antigens
Antigens, Bacterial - analysis
Chromatography, Gel
Chromatography, Ion Exchange
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Enterotoxins
Enterotoxins - immunology
Enterotoxins - isolation & purification
Formaldehyde - pharmacology
Gels
Hemagglutination Tests
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Immune response
Immune Sera
Immunodiffusion
Macaca mulatta
Major Articles
Polymers
Precipitins
Rabbits - immunology
Sepharose
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus - immunology
Staphylococcus aureus
Toxins
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Summary:Quantitative precipitation of antisera specific for native enterotoxin revealed that 70% and 60%, respectively, of the antigenic determinants of enterotoxins A and C1 of Staphylococcus aureus were inactivated by formaldehyde at pH 5.0, 80% and 85%, respectively, at pH 7.5, and nearly 100% at pH 9.5. Enterotoxin C1 inactivated by formaldehyde at pH 5.0 or 7.5 contained large polymers (excluded by Sepharose 2B) and induced strong humoral immune responses in rhesus monkeys. Enterotoxin A inactivated at pH 5.0 or 7.5 was composed mostly of small polymers (excluded by Sephadex G-IOO but included by Sepharose 2B); it provoked a poor immune response in monkeys (about equivalent to the response obtained with weakly reactive toxin inactivated at alkaline pH). It was concluded that potent enterotoxoids were formed by extensive cross-linking of enterotoxin Ct into large polymers in acidic or neutral formaldehyde solution.
ISSN:0022-1899
1537-6613
DOI:10.1093/infdis/131.5.535